Introduction. Preterm birth represents one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity and, for this reason, constitutes one of the main challenges of modern neonatology. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is the care setting in which specific nursing skills are required and applied in the management of preterm infants. Objective. This thesis aims to explore the role of the nurse in the care of preterm newborns, focusing on interventions aimed at clinical stabilization, child development, and family involvement in the care pathway. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was conducted through the consultation of databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. In addition to scientific sources, pediatric and neonatal nursing textbooks were consulted to frame the specific care needs of preterm infants and to systematically describe nursing interventions. Results. The analysis of the literature shows that the quality of care provided to preterm infants significantly depends on the specialized competencies of nurses working in the NICU. Care for preterm newborns requires strong clinical observation skills, critical thinking, and decision-making abilities to promptly recognize potential complications. These competencies must also be integrated with relational and educational skills, necessary to provide clear information to parents and offer support to the family. Discussion. The care of preterm infants requires highly specialized nursing competencies. Nurses in the NICU are not limited to performing complex procedures and continuous monitoring but also play a central role in promoting a protective care environment for development and in providing emotional support to parents during a highly vulnerable phase. Keywords. Preterm infant; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; nursing care; prematurity; family-centered care.
Introduzione. La nascita pretermine rappresenta una delle principali cause di mortalità e morbilità neonatale e costituisce per questo, una delle principali sfide della neonatologia moderna. La Terapia Intensiva Neonatale rappresenta l’ambiente assistenziale in cui sono richieste e applicate competenze specifiche dell’infermiere nell’assistenza al prematuro. Obiettivo. L’elaborato ha lo scopo di approfondire il ruolo della figura dell'infermiere nella presa in carico del neonato prematuro, ponendo l’attenzione sugli interventi mirati alla stabilizzazione clinica, allo sviluppo del bambino e al coinvolgimento della famiglia nel percorso di cura. Materiali e metodi. È stata effettuata una revisione narrativa della letteratura attraverso la consultazione di banche dati, tra cui PubMed, Google scholar e Cochrane Library. A integrazione delle fonti scientifiche, sono stati consultati manuali di infermieristica pediatrica e neonatologica, utili per inquadrare i bisogni assistenziali specifici del neonato pretermine e per descrivere in modo sistematico gli interventi infermieristici. Risultati. Dall’analisi della letteratura emerge che la qualità dell’assistenza al neonato prematuro, dipende in modo significativo dalle competenze specialistiche dell’infermiere operante in Terapia Intensiva Neonatale. L’assistenza al neonato pretermine, infatti richiede capacità di osservazione clinica, pensiero critico e capacità decisionale per riconoscere tempestivamente eventuali complicanze. Inoltre, queste ultime sono da integrare con competenze relazionali ed educative, necessarie per fornire informazioni in modo chiaro ai genitori e offrire supporto alla famiglia. Discussione. L’assistenza al neonato prematuro richiede competenze infermieristiche altamente specialistiche. L’infermiere in TIN non si limita all’esecuzione di procedure complesse e al monitoraggio continuo, ma assume un ruolo centrale nel promuovere un ambiente di cura protettivo per lo sviluppo e nel sostenere emotivamente i genitori in una fase di forte vulnerabilità. Parole chiave. Neonato pretermine; Terapia Intensiva Neonatale; assistenza infermieristica; prematurità; cure centrate sulla famiglia.
GESTIONE ASSISTENZIALE AL PREMATURO IN TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATALE
BALESTRA, ANGELICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction. Preterm birth represents one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity and, for this reason, constitutes one of the main challenges of modern neonatology. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is the care setting in which specific nursing skills are required and applied in the management of preterm infants. Objective. This thesis aims to explore the role of the nurse in the care of preterm newborns, focusing on interventions aimed at clinical stabilization, child development, and family involvement in the care pathway. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was conducted through the consultation of databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. In addition to scientific sources, pediatric and neonatal nursing textbooks were consulted to frame the specific care needs of preterm infants and to systematically describe nursing interventions. Results. The analysis of the literature shows that the quality of care provided to preterm infants significantly depends on the specialized competencies of nurses working in the NICU. Care for preterm newborns requires strong clinical observation skills, critical thinking, and decision-making abilities to promptly recognize potential complications. These competencies must also be integrated with relational and educational skills, necessary to provide clear information to parents and offer support to the family. Discussion. The care of preterm infants requires highly specialized nursing competencies. Nurses in the NICU are not limited to performing complex procedures and continuous monitoring but also play a central role in promoting a protective care environment for development and in providing emotional support to parents during a highly vulnerable phase. Keywords. Preterm infant; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; nursing care; prematurity; family-centered care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26505