Antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant threats to global public health, reducing the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial therapies and promoting the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted increasing scientific interest as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. This thesis reviews the main biological, structural, and functional characteristics of AMPs, focusing on their classification, mechanisms of action, and current and future therapeutic applications. AMPs are natural molecules produced by a wide variety of living organisms as essential components of innate immunity. Due to their broad-spectrum activity, they are effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, exerting antimicrobial effects through interactions with microbial cell membranes or by inhibiting specific intracellular processes. Particular attention is given to the natural sources of AMPs, modern strategies for peptide design and optimization, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, and innovative formulation and delivery approaches. Furthermore, the potential applications of AMPs in medicine, food preservation, agriculture, and animal husbandry are discussed. Despite some limitations related to stability, toxicity, and production costs, current evidence suggests that antimicrobial peptides represent a promising therapeutic resource for combating antibiotic resistance. Advances in biotechnology and the development of optimized synthetic peptides may facilitate their future integration into clinical practice, contributing to infection control and the protection of public health
L’antibiotico-resistenza rappresenta una delle più importanti minacce per la salute pubblica globale, compromettendo l’efficacia delle terapie antimicrobiche convenzionali e favorendo la diffusione di infezioni causate da microrganismi multiresistenti. In questo contesto, i peptidi antimicrobici (AMP) hanno suscitato un crescente interesse scientifico come potenziali alternative agli antibiotici tradizionali. La presente tesi analizza le principali caratteristiche biologiche, strutturali e funzionali degli AMP, approfondendone la classificazione, i meccanismi d’azione e le applicazioni terapeutiche attuali e future. Gli AMP sono molecole naturali prodotte da numerosi organismi viventi come componente essenziale dell’immunità innata. Grazie alla loro attività ad ampio spettro, sono in grado di agire contro batteri, funghi, virus e parassiti, esercitando effetti antimicrobici attraverso l’interazione con le membrane cellulari microbiche o mediante l’inibizione di specifici processi intracellulari. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata alle diverse fonti naturali degli AMP, ai moderni approcci di progettazione e ottimizzazione, alle problematiche farmacocinetiche e farmacodinamiche e alle strategie innovative di formulazione e somministrazione. Vengono inoltre analizzate le potenziali applicazioni degli AMP in ambito medico, alimentare, agricolo e zootecnico. Nonostante alcune limitazioni legate alla stabilità, alla tossicità e ai costi di produzione, i risultati della ricerca evidenziano come i peptidi antimicrobici rappresentino una promettente risorsa terapeutica per contrastare il fenomeno dell’antibiotico-resistenza. Lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie e di peptidi sintetici sempre più efficaci potrebbe favorire la loro futura integrazione nella pratica clinica, contribuendo al controllo delle infezioni e alla tutela della salute pubblica.
"I peptidi antimicrobici: dalla Natura un'arma per contrastare l'antibiotico-resistenza"
ABU SHKARA, MARCEL
2025/2026
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant threats to global public health, reducing the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial therapies and promoting the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted increasing scientific interest as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. This thesis reviews the main biological, structural, and functional characteristics of AMPs, focusing on their classification, mechanisms of action, and current and future therapeutic applications. AMPs are natural molecules produced by a wide variety of living organisms as essential components of innate immunity. Due to their broad-spectrum activity, they are effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, exerting antimicrobial effects through interactions with microbial cell membranes or by inhibiting specific intracellular processes. Particular attention is given to the natural sources of AMPs, modern strategies for peptide design and optimization, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, and innovative formulation and delivery approaches. Furthermore, the potential applications of AMPs in medicine, food preservation, agriculture, and animal husbandry are discussed. Despite some limitations related to stability, toxicity, and production costs, current evidence suggests that antimicrobial peptides represent a promising therapeutic resource for combating antibiotic resistance. Advances in biotechnology and the development of optimized synthetic peptides may facilitate their future integration into clinical practice, contributing to infection control and the protection of public health| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26807