The construction sector is responsible for a significant environmental impact in terms of natural resource consumption, waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the development of construction materials based on the use of industrial by-products, recycled aggregates and alternative binders represents a key strategy for promoting the transition towards more sustainable production models aligned with the principles of the circular economy. This thesis, developed within the framework of the European RECONSTRUCT project, aimed to develop and characterise lightweight rendering mortars by assessing the influence of binder type and aggregate type on their main properties. Two binder systems were compared: a cement-based system consisting of CEM I 52.5R and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and an alkali-activated system obtained by activating the same slag with a potassium hydroxide solution. Natural sand, used as the reference aggregate, recycled PET and virgin Poraver were employed as aggregates, either individually or in combination. The mixtures were subjected to characterisation tests in both the fresh and hardened states, including the determination of workability, density, flexural and compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption. Their morphological and microstructural properties were also investigated by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the combined use of PET and Poraver makes it possible to achieve a significant reduction in density, reaching values consistent with the bulk density requirement established by UNI EN 998-1:2016 for lightweight mortars, without significantly compromising mechanical performance. The most marked differences between the two binder systems emerged from the physical tests: the cement-based mixtures exhibited an overall more stable behaviour, with lower drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption values, whereas the alkali-activated systems showed greater sensitivity to these phenomena. In the activated systems, the presence of Poraver led to an increase in capillary water absorption, while PET contributed to limiting it due to its hydrophobic nature. Overall, the study confirms the potential of lightweight and recycled aggregates and alkali-activated binders for the production of lightweight rendering mortars. However, the results also highlight the need for further optimisation of the composition of alkali-activated systems in order to improve their dimensional stability and behaviour in the presence of water, while maintaining the benefits achieved in terms of reduced density and mechanical performance.
Il settore delle costruzioni è responsabile di un elevato impatto ambientale in termini di consumo di risorse naturali, produzione di rifiuti ed emissioni di gas serra. In tale contesto, lo sviluppo di materiali da costruzione basati sull’impiego di sottoprodotti industriali, aggregati riciclati e leganti alternativi rappresenta una strategia fondamentale per favorire la transizione verso modelli produttivi maggiormente sostenibili e orientati ai principi dell’economia circolare. Il presente lavoro di tesi, sviluppato nell’ambito del progetto europeo RECONSTRUCT, ha avuto come obiettivo lo sviluppo e la caratterizzazione di malte da intonaco alleggerite, valutando l’influenza della natura del legante e della tipologia di aggregato sulle loro principali proprietà. Sono stati confrontati un sistema a base cementizia, costituito da CEM I 52.5R e loppa d’altoforno, e un sistema alcali-attivato, ottenuto mediante attivazione della stessa loppa con una soluzione di idrossido di potassio. Come aggregati sono stati impiegati sabbia naturale, utilizzata come riferimento, PET riciclato e Poraver vergine, introdotti singolarmente o in combinazione. Le miscele sono state sottoposte a prove di caratterizzazione allo stato fresco e indurito, comprendenti la determinazione della lavorabilità, della densità, delle resistenze meccaniche a flessione e a compressione, del modulo elastico dinamico, del ritiro igrometrico e dell’assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità. Le proprietà morfologiche e microstrutturali sono state inoltre approfondite mediante microscopia ottica e microscopia elettronica a scansione. I risultati hanno evidenziato che l’impiego combinato di PET e Poraver consente di ottenere una significativa riduzione della densità, raggiungendo valori compatibili con il requisito di massa volumica previsto dalla UNI EN 998-1:2016 per le malte leggere, senza compromettere in modo rilevante le prestazioni meccaniche. Le differenze più marcate tra i due sistemi leganti sono emerse nelle prove fisiche: le miscele a base cementizia hanno mostrato un comportamento complessivamente più stabile, con valori di ritiro igrometrico e assorbimento capillare inferiori, mentre i sistemi alcali-attivati hanno evidenziato una maggiore sensibilità nei confronti di tali fenomeni. Nei sistemi attivati, la presenza del Poraver ha determinato un incremento dell’assorbimento capillare, mentre il PET ha contribuito a limitarlo grazie al proprio carattere idrofobo. Nel complesso, lo studio conferma le potenzialità dell’impiego di aggregati leggeri e riciclati e di leganti alcali-attivati per la produzione di malte da intonaco alleggerite. I risultati evidenziano tuttavia la necessità di ottimizzare ulteriormente la composizione dei sistemi alcali-attivati, al fine di migliorare la stabilità dimensionale e il comportamento nei confronti dell’acqua, mantenendo i vantaggi ottenuti in termini di riduzione della densità e prestazioni meccaniche.
Valorizzazione di C&D Waste in nuovi materiali da costruzione a base di leganti alcali attivati
MASCHERPA, ALICE
2025/2026
Abstract
The construction sector is responsible for a significant environmental impact in terms of natural resource consumption, waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the development of construction materials based on the use of industrial by-products, recycled aggregates and alternative binders represents a key strategy for promoting the transition towards more sustainable production models aligned with the principles of the circular economy. This thesis, developed within the framework of the European RECONSTRUCT project, aimed to develop and characterise lightweight rendering mortars by assessing the influence of binder type and aggregate type on their main properties. Two binder systems were compared: a cement-based system consisting of CEM I 52.5R and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and an alkali-activated system obtained by activating the same slag with a potassium hydroxide solution. Natural sand, used as the reference aggregate, recycled PET and virgin Poraver were employed as aggregates, either individually or in combination. The mixtures were subjected to characterisation tests in both the fresh and hardened states, including the determination of workability, density, flexural and compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption. Their morphological and microstructural properties were also investigated by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the combined use of PET and Poraver makes it possible to achieve a significant reduction in density, reaching values consistent with the bulk density requirement established by UNI EN 998-1:2016 for lightweight mortars, without significantly compromising mechanical performance. The most marked differences between the two binder systems emerged from the physical tests: the cement-based mixtures exhibited an overall more stable behaviour, with lower drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption values, whereas the alkali-activated systems showed greater sensitivity to these phenomena. In the activated systems, the presence of Poraver led to an increase in capillary water absorption, while PET contributed to limiting it due to its hydrophobic nature. Overall, the study confirms the potential of lightweight and recycled aggregates and alkali-activated binders for the production of lightweight rendering mortars. However, the results also highlight the need for further optimisation of the composition of alkali-activated systems in order to improve their dimensional stability and behaviour in the presence of water, while maintaining the benefits achieved in terms of reduced density and mechanical performance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi_Alice_Mascherpa_pdfA.pdf
embargo fino al 14/07/2029
Descrizione: Tesi di Laurea Alice Mascherpa
Dimensione
7.73 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/27239