The objective of this thesis is to develop a cost model for the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process, a metal additive manufacturing technology based on the deposition of material in the form of wire via an electric arc. This work stems from the need for a simple and flexible tool to estimate the production costs of components manufactured using WAAM, taking into account the main technical and economic parameters that influence the process. Following an initial analysis of the state of the art, various cost models found in the literature were examined, with particular attention to process variables, productive and non-productive times, consumption of material, gas, and energy, and the impact of machine costs. Based on this information, a calculation model was developed in Excel, structured into separate input and output sheets to allow for the entry of process data and the subsequent evaluation of total costs. The model takes into account parameters such as component volume, mass of deposited wire, feed rate, shielding gas flow rate, and setup, heating, cooling, and deposition times, in addition to costs related to materials, energy, the substrate, and machine usage. Subsequently, the model was compared with data and results from the literature to verify its consistency and assess its reliability. The results show that the developed model allows for a clear and systematic estimation of the production cost of a WAAM component, highlighting the relative importance of the various cost drivers. The proposed tool therefore serves as a useful foundation for the economic analysis of the process and for future developments, such as the integration of material databases, robotic systems, rotary tables, and temperature sensors to enable more accurate management of the wait times between weld beads.
La presente tesi ha come obiettivo lo sviluppo di un modello di costo per il processo Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, una tecnologia di produzione additiva metallica basata sulla deposizione di materiale sotto forma di filo mediante arco elettrico. Il lavoro nasce dall’esigenza di disporre di uno strumento semplice e flessibile per stimare i costi di produzione di componenti realizzati tramite WAAM, tenendo conto dei principali parametri tecnici ed economici che influenzano il processo. Dopo una prima analisi dello stato dell’arte, sono stati esaminati diversi modelli di costo presenti in letteratura, con particolare attenzione alle variabili di processo, ai tempi produttivi e non produttivi, al consumo di materiale, gas, energia e all’incidenza del costo macchina. Sulla base di tali informazioni è stato sviluppato un modello di calcolo in ambiente Excel, strutturato in diversi fogli di input e output, in modo da permettere l’inserimento dei dati di processo e la successiva valutazione dei costi complessivi. Il modello considera parametri come volume del componente, massa di filo depositato, velocità di avanzamento, portata del gas di protezione, tempi di setup, riscaldamento, raffreddamento e deposizione, oltre ai costi legati a materiale, energia, substrato e utilizzo della macchina. Successivamente, il modello è stato confrontato con dati e risultati ricavati dalla letteratura, al fine di verificarne la coerenza e valutarne l’affidabilità. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che il modello sviluppato consente di stimare in modo chiaro e ordinato il costo di produzione di un componente WAAM, evidenziando il peso dei diversi driver di costo. Lo strumento proposto rappresenta quindi una base utile per l’analisi economica del processo e per futuri sviluppi, come l’integrazione di database materiali, sistemi robotizzati, tavole rotanti e sensori di temperatura per una gestione più accurata dei tempi di attesa tra i cordoni.
Sviluppo e validazione di un modello di costo per il processo Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
DEL VICARIO, MARIO
2025/2026
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to develop a cost model for the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process, a metal additive manufacturing technology based on the deposition of material in the form of wire via an electric arc. This work stems from the need for a simple and flexible tool to estimate the production costs of components manufactured using WAAM, taking into account the main technical and economic parameters that influence the process. Following an initial analysis of the state of the art, various cost models found in the literature were examined, with particular attention to process variables, productive and non-productive times, consumption of material, gas, and energy, and the impact of machine costs. Based on this information, a calculation model was developed in Excel, structured into separate input and output sheets to allow for the entry of process data and the subsequent evaluation of total costs. The model takes into account parameters such as component volume, mass of deposited wire, feed rate, shielding gas flow rate, and setup, heating, cooling, and deposition times, in addition to costs related to materials, energy, the substrate, and machine usage. Subsequently, the model was compared with data and results from the literature to verify its consistency and assess its reliability. The results show that the developed model allows for a clear and systematic estimation of the production cost of a WAAM component, highlighting the relative importance of the various cost drivers. The proposed tool therefore serves as a useful foundation for the economic analysis of the process and for future developments, such as the integration of material databases, robotic systems, rotary tables, and temperature sensors to enable more accurate management of the wait times between weld beads.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Del Vicario.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/27324