This thesis examines the role of algorithmic power in the reproduction and transformation of social inequalities in the digital society, with particular reference to the European Union and Italy. As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into everyday life, algorithmic systems are now used in many areas such as employment, finance, welfare, and digital platforms. These systems influence how decisions are made and how opportunities and resources are distributed. For this reason, it is important to understand their impact on society. The thesis is based on a review of sociological, economic, and policy literature. It first explains the theoretical foundations of algorithmic power and social inequality. It then analyzes how algorithmic systems operate in Europe, focusing on issues such as algorithmic bias, discrimination, transparency, and accountability. The study also examines the European regulatory framework, including the GDPR and the Artificial Intelligence Act, which aim to promote the responsible use of algorithmic systems. The Italian case is analyzed to understand how algorithmic systems interact with national socio-economic conditions. The analysis shows that although these technologies can improve efficiency and innovation, they may also reinforce existing inequalities, especially when they rely on biased data or operate within unequal social and institutional environments. Overall, this thesis argues that algorithmic systems are not only technological tools but also mechanisms that influence power, opportunities, and social inequality. It concludes that transparency, accountability, and effective regulation are essential to ensure that digital transformation supports both innovation and social inclusion.
La presente tesi analizza il ruolo del potere algoritmico nella riproduzione e nella trasformazione delle disuguaglianze sociali nella società digitale, con particolare riferimento all'Unione Europea e all'Italia. Con la crescente diffusione delle tecnologie digitali, i sistemi algoritmici sono utilizzati in numerosi ambiti, come il mercato del lavoro, i servizi finanziari, il welfare e le piattaforme digitali. Questi sistemi influenzano i processi decisionali e il modo in cui vengono distribuite opportunità e risorse, rendendo importante comprendere il loro impatto sulla società. La ricerca si basa su una revisione della letteratura sociologica, economica e normativa. Dopo aver presentato i principali fondamenti teorici del potere algoritmico e della disuguaglianza sociale, la tesi analizza il funzionamento dei sistemi algoritmici nel contesto europeo, con particolare attenzione ai temi del bias algoritmico, della discriminazione, della trasparenza e della responsabilità. Viene inoltre esaminato il quadro normativo dell'Unione Europea, in particolare il GDPR e l'Artificial Intelligence Act. Successivamente, la tesi approfondisce il caso italiano per comprendere come i sistemi algoritmici interagiscano con le caratteristiche economiche e sociali del Paese. L'analisi evidenzia che, se da un lato queste tecnologie possono migliorare l'efficienza dei processi decisionali, dall'altro possono contribuire a rafforzare disuguaglianze già esistenti quando vengono applicate in contesti caratterizzati da disparità sociali e istituzionali. Nel complesso, la tesi conclude che i sistemi algoritmici non rappresentano semplici strumenti tecnologici, ma costituiscono nuovi meccanismi di esercizio del potere che influenzano la distribuzione delle opportunità e delle risorse. Per questo motivo, trasparenza, responsabilità e un'adeguata regolamentazione risultano fondamentali per garantire uno sviluppo digitale più equo e inclusivo.
ALGORITHMIC POWER AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN THE DIGITAL SOCIETY
GULILAT, GENET GETACHEW
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the role of algorithmic power in the reproduction and transformation of social inequalities in the digital society, with particular reference to the European Union and Italy. As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into everyday life, algorithmic systems are now used in many areas such as employment, finance, welfare, and digital platforms. These systems influence how decisions are made and how opportunities and resources are distributed. For this reason, it is important to understand their impact on society. The thesis is based on a review of sociological, economic, and policy literature. It first explains the theoretical foundations of algorithmic power and social inequality. It then analyzes how algorithmic systems operate in Europe, focusing on issues such as algorithmic bias, discrimination, transparency, and accountability. The study also examines the European regulatory framework, including the GDPR and the Artificial Intelligence Act, which aim to promote the responsible use of algorithmic systems. The Italian case is analyzed to understand how algorithmic systems interact with national socio-economic conditions. The analysis shows that although these technologies can improve efficiency and innovation, they may also reinforce existing inequalities, especially when they rely on biased data or operate within unequal social and institutional environments. Overall, this thesis argues that algorithmic systems are not only technological tools but also mechanisms that influence power, opportunities, and social inequality. It concludes that transparency, accountability, and effective regulation are essential to ensure that digital transformation supports both innovation and social inclusion.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/27454