Macroalgae represent a resource of growing interest for the food sector due to their high nutritional value, the presence of bioactive compounds, and their potential contribution to the development of sustainable production systems. In particular, their cultivation within bioremediation and circular economy systems allows for the recovery of nutrients present in aquaculture wastewater, transforming them into high-value-added biomass. Despite this potential, questions remain regarding the impact of wastewater cultivation on the nutritional quality of the biomass. Furthermore, the adoption of macroalgae in Western diets remains limited and is strongly influenced by the perceptions of consumers and nutrition professionals. For this reason, this thesis pursued two objectives: to analyze—through surveys of consumers and nutrition professionals—consumption habits and perceptions regarding macroalgae, and to evaluate the effects of cultivating *Ulva compressa* in aquaculture wastewater on the nutritional quality of the resulting biomass. To address the latter objective, macroalgae cultivated in aquaculture wastewater were compared with those grown in a standard culture medium; parameters assessed included growth, protein content, macromolecule and essential element composition, pigments, and photosynthetic activity. The results showed that cultivation in wastewater led to a significant increase in biomass compared to the control, without statistically significant alterations to the main nutritional parameters analyzed. Although slight variations in biochemical composition were observed, the overall quality of the biomass remained substantially unchanged. Regarding the survey findings, it was observed that macroalgae are not yet widely integrated into Italian dietary habits and are primarily associated with Asian cuisine. Additionally, limited knowledge of their nutritional properties was evident, alongside concerns regarding safety and the presence of contaminants. Nutrition professionals have shown interest in these foods but have emphasized the need for further scientific evidence and agreed-upon guidelines for their use in clinical practice. Overall, the results confirm the potential of cultivating *Ulva compressa* in wastewater as a sustainable strategy to increase biomass production without compromising nutritional value, thereby supporting the development of circular bioeconomy models. At the same time, there is a need to enhance scientific outreach and the education of both consumers and professionals to foster greater acceptance of macroalgae as a food source and to leverage their nutritional and environmental potential.
Le macroalghe rappresentano una risorsa di crescente interesse per il settore alimentare grazie all’elevato valore nutrizionale, alla presenza di composti bioattivi e al loro potenziale contributo allo sviluppo di sistemi produttivi sostenibili. In particolare, la loro coltivazione in sistemi di biorimediazione ed economia circolare consente di recuperare i nutrienti presenti nelle acque reflue dell'acquacoltura, trasformandoli in biomassa ad alto valore aggiunto. Nonostante tali potenzialità, rimangono ancora aperte diverse questioni riguardanti sia l'impatto della coltivazione in acque reflue sulla qualità nutrizionale della biomassa. Inoltre, la diffusione delle macroalghe nell’alimentazione occidentale è ancora limitata e fortemente influenzata dalla percezione dei consumatori e dei professionisti della nutrizione. Per questo motivo, la presente tesi ha avuto due obiettivi: analizzare, tramite questionari a consumatori e professionisti della nutrizione, le abitudini di consumo e la percezione delle macroalghe da parte di tali categorie, e valutare gli effetti della coltivazione di Ulva compressa in acque reflue di acquacoltura sulla qualità nutrizionale della biomassa prodotta. Per quest’ultimo obiettivo, sono state confrontate macroalghe coltivate in acque reflue di acquacoltura e in un mezzo di coltura standard, per poi valutare crescita, contenuto proteico, composizione in termini di macromolecole ed elementi essenziali, pigmenti e attività fotosintetica. I risultati hanno evidenziato che la coltivazione in acque reflue ha determinato un incremento significativo della biomassa rispetto al controllo, senza alterazioni statisticamente significative dei principali parametri nutrizionali analizzati. Sebbene siano state 3 osservate lievi variazioni nella composizione biochimica, la qualità complessiva della biomassa è risultata sostanzialmente invariata. Considerando invece l’indagine tramite questionari, è stato osservato che le macroalghe sono ancora poco integrate nelle abitudini alimentari italiane e vengono associate prevalentemente alla cucina asiatica. È emersa inoltre una conoscenza limitata delle loro proprietà nutrizionali, accompagnata da dubbi riguardo alla sicurezza e alla presenza di contaminanti. I professionisti della nutrizione hanno evidenziato interesse verso questi alimenti, ma hanno sottolineato la necessità di maggiori evidenze scientifiche e di linee guida condivise per un loro impiego nella pratica clinica. Nel complesso, i risultati confermano il potenziale della coltivazione di Ulva compressa in acque reflue come strategia sostenibile per incrementare la produzione di biomassa senza comprometterne il valore nutrizionale, supportando lo sviluppo di modelli di bioeconomia circolare. Parallelamente, emerge la necessità di incrementare la divulgazione scientifica e la formazione di consumatori e professionisti, al fine di favorire una maggiore accettazione delle macroalghe come alimento e valorizzarne il potenziale nutrizionale e ambientale.
COLTIVAZIONE E USO DI MACROALGHE DEL GENERE ULVA NELLA DIETA UMANA
OLIVI, GIANLUCA
2025/2026
Abstract
Macroalgae represent a resource of growing interest for the food sector due to their high nutritional value, the presence of bioactive compounds, and their potential contribution to the development of sustainable production systems. In particular, their cultivation within bioremediation and circular economy systems allows for the recovery of nutrients present in aquaculture wastewater, transforming them into high-value-added biomass. Despite this potential, questions remain regarding the impact of wastewater cultivation on the nutritional quality of the biomass. Furthermore, the adoption of macroalgae in Western diets remains limited and is strongly influenced by the perceptions of consumers and nutrition professionals. For this reason, this thesis pursued two objectives: to analyze—through surveys of consumers and nutrition professionals—consumption habits and perceptions regarding macroalgae, and to evaluate the effects of cultivating *Ulva compressa* in aquaculture wastewater on the nutritional quality of the resulting biomass. To address the latter objective, macroalgae cultivated in aquaculture wastewater were compared with those grown in a standard culture medium; parameters assessed included growth, protein content, macromolecule and essential element composition, pigments, and photosynthetic activity. The results showed that cultivation in wastewater led to a significant increase in biomass compared to the control, without statistically significant alterations to the main nutritional parameters analyzed. Although slight variations in biochemical composition were observed, the overall quality of the biomass remained substantially unchanged. Regarding the survey findings, it was observed that macroalgae are not yet widely integrated into Italian dietary habits and are primarily associated with Asian cuisine. Additionally, limited knowledge of their nutritional properties was evident, alongside concerns regarding safety and the presence of contaminants. Nutrition professionals have shown interest in these foods but have emphasized the need for further scientific evidence and agreed-upon guidelines for their use in clinical practice. Overall, the results confirm the potential of cultivating *Ulva compressa* in wastewater as a sustainable strategy to increase biomass production without compromising nutritional value, thereby supporting the development of circular bioeconomy models. At the same time, there is a need to enhance scientific outreach and the education of both consumers and professionals to foster greater acceptance of macroalgae as a food source and to leverage their nutritional and environmental potential.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Olivi DEFINITIVA ok.pdf
embargo fino al 24/01/2028
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1.68 MB | Adobe PDF |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/27826