Introduction Primary stability of press-fit acetabular cups depends on the level of surgical interference between the implant and the bone. While increased interference may improve initial fixation, excessive compression can generate high stresses in the periacetabular bone, potentially increasing the risk of intraoperative bone damage or fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different reaming dimensions on the mechanical response of the acetabular cup and surrounding bone, with particular focus on stress distribution and implant micromotion, using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods A three-dimensional patient-specific hip model was reconstructed from data and segmented using 3D Slicer, then imported into Abaqus. Cortical and cancellous bone were defined as separate regions with linear elastic isotropic material properties. A CAD model of a Ti6Al4V dual mobility acetabular cup was imported and positioned within the acetabulum. Three surgical configurations were simulated according to the reaming technique: over reaming, line-to-line and under-reaming, corresponding to different levels of press-fit interference between the cup and the acetabular bone. Cup insertion was simulated through a dynamic analysis reproducing the hammering action used during surgical implantation. Stress distribution was evaluated using equivalent Von Mises stresses in predefined acetabular regions of interest based on the DeLee and Charnley classification, focusing on the cortical layer. Results Quantitative analysis of the cortical bone showed that the over-reaming configuration generated the highest von Mises stress values across most regions of interest and in both cortical layers. The highest stress was observed in ROI 3 of the inner cortical layer, reaching 10.9 MPa, compared with 6.7 MPa and 6.6 MPa for the line-to-line and under-reaming configurations, respectively. Stress values were consistently higher in the inner layer than in the outer layer. In addition, cup micromotion analysis showed the lowest 95th percentile displacement (U95) for the line-to-line configuration, indicating greater overall implant stability. Discussion The results demonstrate that the reaming strategy significantly affects both cortical stress distribution and implant stability. Over-reaming was associated with higher cortical stress levels, whereas line-to-line and under-reaming produced lower and more homogeneous stress distributions. The reduced cup micromotion observed for the line-to-line configuration suggests improved primary stability and a more favourable load transfer mechanism between the implant and the surrounding bone. Conclusion Surgical interference plays a key role in determining stress distribution in the periacetabular cortical bone during press-fit cup implantation. Line-to-line reaming appears to provide a favourable compromise between reduced cup micromotion and limitation of cortical stress peaks.
Introduzione La stabilità primaria delle coppe acetabolari press-fit dipende dal livello di interferenza chirurgica tra l’impianto e l’osso. Sebbene un aumento dell’interferenza possa migliorare la fissazione iniziale, una compressione eccessiva può generare elevate tensioni nell’osso peri acetabolare, aumentando potenzialmente il rischio di danno osseo o fratture intraoperatorie. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato valutare l’effetto di differenti dimensioni di fresatura sulla risposta meccanica della coppa acetabolare e dell’osso circostante, con particolare attenzione alla distribuzione delle tensioni e al micromovimento dell’impianto, mediante analisi agli elementi finiti. Materiali e Metodi Un modello tridimensionale paziente-specifico dell’anca è stato ricostruito a partire da dati medici e segmentato mediante il software 3D Slicer, per poi essere importato in Abaqus. L’osso corticale e quello spongioso sono stati definiti come regioni distinte e modellati mediante proprietà elastiche lineari isotrope. Un modello CAD di una coppa acetabolare dual mobility in Ti6Al4V è stato importato e posizionato all’interno dell’acetabolo. Sono state simulate tre configurazioni chirurgiche corrispondenti a differenti strategie di fresatura: over-reaming, line-to-line e under-reaming, associate a diversi livelli di interferenza press-fit tra la coppa e l’osso acetabolare. L’inserimento della coppa è stato simulato mediante un’analisi dinamica in grado di riprodurre l’azione di martellamento tipica dell’impianto chirurgico. La distribuzione delle tensioni è stata valutata mediante le tensioni equivalenti di Von Mises in regioni di interesse acetabolari predefinite secondo la classificazione di DeLee e Charnley, focalizzandosi sullo strato corticale. Risultati L’analisi quantitativa dell’osso corticale ha mostrato che la configurazione di over-reaming genera i valori più elevati di tensione di Von Mises nella maggior parte delle regioni di interesse e in entrambi gli strati corticali. Il valore massimo di tensione è stato osservato nella ROI 3 dello strato corticale interno (Layer I), raggiungendo 10.9 MPa, rispetto a 6.7 MPa e 6.6 MPa ottenuti rispettivamente per le configurazioni line-to-line e under-reaming. I valori di tensione sono risultati sistematicamente più elevati nello strato interno rispetto a quello esterno. Inoltre, l’analisi del micromovimento della coppa ha evidenziato il valore più basso di spostamento al 95° percentile (U95) per la configurazione line-to-line, indicando una maggiore stabilità complessiva dell’impianto. Discussione I risultati dimostrano che la strategia di fresatura influenza significativamente sia la distribuzione delle tensioni corticali sia la stabilità dell’impianto. L’over-reaming è risultato associato a livelli di tensione corticale più elevati, mentre le configurazioni line-to-line e under reaming hanno mostrato distribuzioni di tensione inferiori e più omogenee. Il ridotto micromovimento osservato nella configurazione line-to-line suggerisce una migliore stabilità primaria e un più favorevole trasferimento dei carichi tra impianto e osso circostante. Conclusioni L’interferenza chirurgica svolge un ruolo fondamentale nella determinazione della distribuzione delle tensioni nell’osso corticale peri acetabolare durante l’impianto di coppe acetabolari press-fit. La strategia line-to-line sembra rappresentare il miglior compromesso tra riduzione del micromovimento della coppa e limitazione dei picchi di tensione corticale.
FEM Study of a Press-Fit Acetabular Cup = Effect of Interference on Bone Stresses
HOXHALLI, ILARIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction Primary stability of press-fit acetabular cups depends on the level of surgical interference between the implant and the bone. While increased interference may improve initial fixation, excessive compression can generate high stresses in the periacetabular bone, potentially increasing the risk of intraoperative bone damage or fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different reaming dimensions on the mechanical response of the acetabular cup and surrounding bone, with particular focus on stress distribution and implant micromotion, using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods A three-dimensional patient-specific hip model was reconstructed from data and segmented using 3D Slicer, then imported into Abaqus. Cortical and cancellous bone were defined as separate regions with linear elastic isotropic material properties. A CAD model of a Ti6Al4V dual mobility acetabular cup was imported and positioned within the acetabulum. Three surgical configurations were simulated according to the reaming technique: over reaming, line-to-line and under-reaming, corresponding to different levels of press-fit interference between the cup and the acetabular bone. Cup insertion was simulated through a dynamic analysis reproducing the hammering action used during surgical implantation. Stress distribution was evaluated using equivalent Von Mises stresses in predefined acetabular regions of interest based on the DeLee and Charnley classification, focusing on the cortical layer. Results Quantitative analysis of the cortical bone showed that the over-reaming configuration generated the highest von Mises stress values across most regions of interest and in both cortical layers. The highest stress was observed in ROI 3 of the inner cortical layer, reaching 10.9 MPa, compared with 6.7 MPa and 6.6 MPa for the line-to-line and under-reaming configurations, respectively. Stress values were consistently higher in the inner layer than in the outer layer. In addition, cup micromotion analysis showed the lowest 95th percentile displacement (U95) for the line-to-line configuration, indicating greater overall implant stability. Discussion The results demonstrate that the reaming strategy significantly affects both cortical stress distribution and implant stability. Over-reaming was associated with higher cortical stress levels, whereas line-to-line and under-reaming produced lower and more homogeneous stress distributions. The reduced cup micromotion observed for the line-to-line configuration suggests improved primary stability and a more favourable load transfer mechanism between the implant and the surrounding bone. Conclusion Surgical interference plays a key role in determining stress distribution in the periacetabular cortical bone during press-fit cup implantation. Line-to-line reaming appears to provide a favourable compromise between reduced cup micromotion and limitation of cortical stress peaks.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28029