In recent years, production systems have undergone a profound transformation, characterized by the evolution of organizational models, the introduction of advanced digital technologies, and a growing focus on environmental and social sustainability. In this context, Lean Production, Industry 4.0, and sustainability represent three areas that, despite having different origins, are progressively converging, giving rise to integrated models capable of meeting the competitiveness, efficiency, and environmental responsibility demands of contemporary businesses. Lean Production, born within the Toyota Production System, has established itself as an approach geared toward waste reduction, process stabilization, and continuous improvement. At the same time, Industry 4.0 has introduced technologies such as the Internet of Things, digital twins, predictive maintenance, and advanced data analytics systems, which enable real-time process monitoring and support faster, more informed decisions. Finally, sustainability has expanded the notion of corporate performance, including environmental, energy, and social dimensions that today constitute a strategic requirement for businesses and a central element of industrial policies. The convergence of these three fields has generated growing interest in the scientific community and industry, which recognize the need to integrate lean approaches, digital technologies, and sustainability objectives into a single, coherent architecture. However, this integration is not straightforward: it requires a thorough understanding of Lean principles, the potential and limitations of digital technologies, as well as the environmental and social implications of production processes. This thesis is part of this framework, aiming to systematically analyze the relationship between Lean Production, Industry 4.0, and sustainability, highlighting convergences, divergences, and theoretical tensions in the scientific literature. The work combines a theoretical reconstruction of the three fields with a systematic literature review conducted using the PRISMA protocol and a practical application developed through a company case study. The structure of the thesis reflects this approach: the first chapter explores the origins and principles of Lean Production; the second examines the concept of sustainability and its connection to Lean; the third presents a comparative literature analysis; and the fourth applies the interpretative framework to a real-world case study. The overall objective is to offer an integrated understanding of the three fields, demonstrating how the combination of lean approaches, digital technologies, and sustainability can represent a strategic lever for contemporary industrial competitiveness.
Negli ultimi anni i sistemi produttivi hanno attraversato una trasformazione profonda, caratterizzata dall’evoluzione dei modelli organizzativi, dall’introduzione di tecnologie digitali avanzate e dalla crescente attenzione verso la sostenibilità ambientale e sociale. In questo contesto, la Lean Production, l’Industria 4.0 e la sostenibilità rappresentano tre ambiti che, pur avendo origini differenti, stanno progressivamente convergendo, dando vita a modelli integrati capaci di rispondere alle esigenze di competitività, efficienza e responsabilità ambientale richieste dalle imprese contemporanee. La Lean Production, nata nel contesto del Toyota Production System, si è affermata come approccio orientato alla riduzione degli sprechi, alla stabilizzazione dei processi e al miglioramento continuo. Parallelamente, l’Industria 4.0 ha introdotto tecnologie quali Internet of Things, digital twin, manutenzione predittiva e sistemi di analisi avanzata dei dati, che consentono di monitorare i processi in tempo reale e di supportare decisioni più rapide e informate. La sostenibilità, infine, ha ampliato la nozione di performance aziendale, includendo dimensioni ambientali, energetiche e sociali che oggi costituiscono un requisito strategico per le imprese e un elemento centrale nelle politiche industriali. La convergenza tra questi tre ambiti ha generato un crescente interesse nella comunità scientifica e nelle realtà industriali, che riconoscono la necessità di integrare approcci snelli, tecnologie digitali e obiettivi di sostenibilità in un’unica architettura coerente. Tale integrazione non è tuttavia immediata: richiede una comprensione approfondita dei principi Lean, delle potenzialità e dei limiti delle tecnologie digitali, nonché delle implicazioni ambientali e sociali dei processi produttivi. La presente tesi si colloca all’interno di questo quadro, con l’obiettivo di analizzare in modo sistematico il rapporto tra Lean Production, Industria 4.0 e sostenibilità, evidenziando convergenze, divergenze e tensioni teoriche presenti nella letteratura scientifica. Il lavoro combina una ricostruzione teorica dei tre ambiti con una revisione sistematica della letteratura condotta attraverso il protocollo PRISMA e con un’applicazione pratica sviluppata mediante un caso studio aziendale. La struttura della tesi riflette questo percorso: il primo capitolo approfondisce le origini e i principi della Lean Production; il secondo esamina il concetto di sostenibilità e il suo legame con la Lean; il terzo presenta l’analisi comparativa della letteratura; il quarto applica il framework interpretativo a un caso reale. L’obiettivo complessivo è offrire una lettura integrata dei tre ambiti, mostrando come la combinazione tra approcci snelli, tecnologie digitali e sostenibilità possa rappresentare una leva strategica per la competitività industriale contemporanea.
DALLA LEAN MANUFACTURING ALL’INTELLIGENT LEAN: OTTIMIZZAZIONE DEI PROCESSI E IMPRONTA ECOSOSTENIBILE
DI GIULIO, SERENA
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent years, production systems have undergone a profound transformation, characterized by the evolution of organizational models, the introduction of advanced digital technologies, and a growing focus on environmental and social sustainability. In this context, Lean Production, Industry 4.0, and sustainability represent three areas that, despite having different origins, are progressively converging, giving rise to integrated models capable of meeting the competitiveness, efficiency, and environmental responsibility demands of contemporary businesses. Lean Production, born within the Toyota Production System, has established itself as an approach geared toward waste reduction, process stabilization, and continuous improvement. At the same time, Industry 4.0 has introduced technologies such as the Internet of Things, digital twins, predictive maintenance, and advanced data analytics systems, which enable real-time process monitoring and support faster, more informed decisions. Finally, sustainability has expanded the notion of corporate performance, including environmental, energy, and social dimensions that today constitute a strategic requirement for businesses and a central element of industrial policies. The convergence of these three fields has generated growing interest in the scientific community and industry, which recognize the need to integrate lean approaches, digital technologies, and sustainability objectives into a single, coherent architecture. However, this integration is not straightforward: it requires a thorough understanding of Lean principles, the potential and limitations of digital technologies, as well as the environmental and social implications of production processes. This thesis is part of this framework, aiming to systematically analyze the relationship between Lean Production, Industry 4.0, and sustainability, highlighting convergences, divergences, and theoretical tensions in the scientific literature. The work combines a theoretical reconstruction of the three fields with a systematic literature review conducted using the PRISMA protocol and a practical application developed through a company case study. The structure of the thesis reflects this approach: the first chapter explores the origins and principles of Lean Production; the second examines the concept of sustainability and its connection to Lean; the third presents a comparative literature analysis; and the fourth applies the interpretative framework to a real-world case study. The overall objective is to offer an integrated understanding of the three fields, demonstrating how the combination of lean approaches, digital technologies, and sustainability can represent a strategic lever for contemporary industrial competitiveness.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Di Giulio Serena DEFINITIVO.pdf
embargo fino al 19/07/2029
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2.23 MB
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2.23 MB | Adobe PDF |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28091