Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) consist of a heterogeneous group of rare mesenchymal malignancies for which the standard treatment is surgical resection with adequate margins. The evolution of limb-sparing surgery and the integration of radiotherapy have led to an increasing role for reconstructive plastic surgery in achieving oncologic control while preserving function. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the main reconstructive trends that have emerged over the last decade following resection of predominantly cutaneous and subcutaneous STS. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the search string “Soft tissue sarcoma AND reconstructive surgery AND flap.” Studies published within the last ten years involving adult patients undergoing STS resection followed by reconstructive surgery were included. Data were collected regarding clinicopathological characteristics, reconstructive techniques, radiotherapy use, complications, local recurrence, metastases, mortality, reconstructive strategy and the presence of a multidisciplinary team. Results: Fifty-seven studies comprising a total of 103 patients were included, with a mean age of 57.3 years and a mean follow-up of 31 months. The most frequently involved anatomical sites were the lower extremity (31.1%) and the head and neck region (19.4%). Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) was the most represented histological subtype (25.2%). Free flap reconstruction was the most used technique (59.2%), followed by pedicled flaps (34.0%) and local flaps (3.9%). Anterolateral thigh (ALT) and latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps emerged as the most frequently employed reconstructive options. Overall, 44 complications (42.7%) were reported, mainly consisting of wound dehiscence, infections, and seromas. Complication rates were comparable between free and pedicled flaps (39.3% vs. 40.0%). Radiotherapy was frequently associated with the most complex reconstructive cases. Most patients underwent immediate reconstruction at the time of tumor resection, highlighting the central role of preoperative multidisciplinary planning and the importance of including a plastic surgeon within the multidisciplinary team, whereas two-stage reconstructions were reserved for more oncologically complex cases. Discussion and Conclusions: This review confirms the central role of reconstructive plastic surgery in the multidisciplinary management of STS. Free flaps currently represent the reconstructive gold standard for complex defects, while perforator flaps have emerged as one of the most significant recent innovations due to their reduced donor-site morbidity and greater reconstructive customization. Complications appear to be influenced more by oncological complexity and the use of multimodal treatments than by the reconstructive technique itself. Further prospective multicenter studies with standardized functional assessments are needed to better define the impact of different reconstructive strategies on both oncological and functional outcomes.
Introduzione: I sarcomi dei tessuti molli (STM) rappresentano un gruppo eterogeneo di neoplasie mesenchimali rare, il cui trattamento standard si basa sulla resezione chirurgica con margini adeguati. L'evoluzione della chirurgia conservativa e l'integrazione della radioterapia hanno determinato un crescente ruolo della chirurgia plastica ricostruttiva nel garantire il controllo oncologico e la preservazione funzionale. Lo scopo di questa revisione sistematica è stato analizzare le principali tendenze ricostruttive emerse negli ultimi dieci anni dopo resezione di STM a prevalente localizzazione cutanea e sottocutanea. Materiali e Metodi: È stata condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura secondo le linee guida PRISMA 2020. La ricerca è stata eseguita nel database PubMed/MEDLINE utilizzando la stringa di ricerca “Soft tissue sarcoma AND reconstructive surgery AND flap”. Sono stati inclusi studi pubblicati negli ultimi dieci anni riguardanti pazienti adulti sottoposti a resezione di STM con successiva ricostruzione plastica. Sono stati raccolti dati relativi a caratteristiche clinico-patologiche, tecniche ricostruttive utilizzate, impiego di radioterapia, complicanze, recidive, metastasi, mortalità, strategia ricostruttiva e presenza di un team multidisciplinare. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi 57 studi per un totale di 103 pazienti, con età media di 57,3 anni e follow-up medio di 31 mesi. Le sedi più frequentemente coinvolte sono risultate l'arto inferiore (31,1%) e il distretto testa-collo (19,4%). L'istotipo maggiormente rappresentato è stato il dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (25,2%). La ricostruzione mediante lembo libero è risultata la tecnica più utilizzata (59,2%), seguita dai lembi peduncolati (34,0%) e dai lembi locali (3,9%). I lembi anterolaterali di coscia (ALT) e di gran dorsale (LD) sono emersi come le opzioni ricostruttive più impiegate. Complessivamente sono state osservate 44 complicanze (42,7%), prevalentemente deiscenze, infezioni e sieromi. I tassi di complicanza tra lembi liberi e peduncolati sono risultati sovrapponibili (39,3% vs 40,0%). L'utilizzo di radioterapia è apparso frequentemente associato ai casi ricostruttivi più complessi. La maggior parte dei pazienti è stata sottoposta a ricostruzione immediata contestuale alla resezione, evidenziando il ruolo centrale della pianificazione multidisciplinare preoperatoria e l’importanza della presenza del chirurgo plastico nel team, mentre le ricostruzioni two-step sono state riservate ai casi oncologicamente più complessi. Discussione e Conclusioni: La revisione conferma il ruolo centrale della chirurgia plastica ricostruttiva nella gestione multidisciplinare dei STM. I lembi liberi rappresentano attualmente la soluzione ricostruttiva di riferimento per i difetti complessi, mentre i lembi perforanti costituiscono una delle principali innovazioni recenti grazie alla riduzione della morbilità del sito donatore e alla maggiore personalizzazione della ricostruzione. Le complicanze sembrano essere influenzate più dalla complessità oncologica e dall'impiego di trattamenti multimodali che dalla tecnica ricostruttiva utilizzata. Sono necessari studi prospettici multicentrici con valutazioni funzionali standardizzate per definire con maggiore precisione l'impatto delle diverse strategie ricostruttive sugli outcome oncologici e funzionali.
"I NUOVI TREND RICOSTRUTTIVI POST-RESEZIONE DEI SARCOMI DEI TESSUTI MOLLI: UNA REVIEW SISTEMATICA"
MARCONI, ALESSIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) consist of a heterogeneous group of rare mesenchymal malignancies for which the standard treatment is surgical resection with adequate margins. The evolution of limb-sparing surgery and the integration of radiotherapy have led to an increasing role for reconstructive plastic surgery in achieving oncologic control while preserving function. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the main reconstructive trends that have emerged over the last decade following resection of predominantly cutaneous and subcutaneous STS. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the search string “Soft tissue sarcoma AND reconstructive surgery AND flap.” Studies published within the last ten years involving adult patients undergoing STS resection followed by reconstructive surgery were included. Data were collected regarding clinicopathological characteristics, reconstructive techniques, radiotherapy use, complications, local recurrence, metastases, mortality, reconstructive strategy and the presence of a multidisciplinary team. Results: Fifty-seven studies comprising a total of 103 patients were included, with a mean age of 57.3 years and a mean follow-up of 31 months. The most frequently involved anatomical sites were the lower extremity (31.1%) and the head and neck region (19.4%). Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) was the most represented histological subtype (25.2%). Free flap reconstruction was the most used technique (59.2%), followed by pedicled flaps (34.0%) and local flaps (3.9%). Anterolateral thigh (ALT) and latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps emerged as the most frequently employed reconstructive options. Overall, 44 complications (42.7%) were reported, mainly consisting of wound dehiscence, infections, and seromas. Complication rates were comparable between free and pedicled flaps (39.3% vs. 40.0%). Radiotherapy was frequently associated with the most complex reconstructive cases. Most patients underwent immediate reconstruction at the time of tumor resection, highlighting the central role of preoperative multidisciplinary planning and the importance of including a plastic surgeon within the multidisciplinary team, whereas two-stage reconstructions were reserved for more oncologically complex cases. Discussion and Conclusions: This review confirms the central role of reconstructive plastic surgery in the multidisciplinary management of STS. Free flaps currently represent the reconstructive gold standard for complex defects, while perforator flaps have emerged as one of the most significant recent innovations due to their reduced donor-site morbidity and greater reconstructive customization. Complications appear to be influenced more by oncological complexity and the use of multimodal treatments than by the reconstructive technique itself. Further prospective multicenter studies with standardized functional assessments are needed to better define the impact of different reconstructive strategies on both oncological and functional outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi di Laurea Alessia Marconi pdfA.pdf
embargo fino al 15/04/2028
Descrizione: Tesi di Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia, Alessia Marconi
Titolo tesi: I NUOVI TREND RICOSTRUTTIVI POST-RESEZIONE DEI SARCOMI DEI TESSUTI MOLLI: UNA REVIEW SISTEMATICA
Dimensione
3.11 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28489