The present study evaluated the influence of vegetation cover on the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soil surface horizons (Oln-Olv, A and Ab) in the Mediterranean forest context of Monte Conero, in the Sirolo area. The comparison was conducted between profiles developed under broadleaf forest (dominant of Quercus ilex) and under mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest (Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex), integrating countryside morphological surveys, laboratory analyses (pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture) and multivariate statistical processing (PCA and ANOVA). The results highlight that the main factor differentiating soil properties is represented by the type of horizon and the depth gradient of the profile, while the effect of vegetation cover is secondary. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis shows a clear vertical variation, with values ranging from 43% to 59% in the Oln-Olv organic horizons and significant reductions in the A (13–24%) and Ab (<10%) mineral horizons. No statistically significant differences in TOC content emerged between broadleaf and mixed cover, either due to the dominant presence of holm oak in both stands or to the attenuation of specific effects typical of mixed forests. pH also responds mainly to profile stratification, going from slightly subacidic or neutral values in the organic horizons (6.1–7.2) to neutral or subalkaline values in the mineral horizon A (7.5–8.0). The high buffering capacity exerted by the calcareous-marly substrate neutralizes the acidification processes induced by the litter, maintaining uniform soil reaction between the different plant covers. Electrical conductivity (EC) presents a marked local variability —associated with the stage of litter decomposition and the supply of marine aerosols given the proximity to the coast —, without showing statistically significant variations between horizons or forest types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirms this picture, explaining 89.6% of the total variance through the first two components and separating the samples along the axis defined by the TOC–pH gradient (Dim1, 67.5% of the variance) based on their membership in the pedological horizon. Morphological reliefs show shallow profiles, high stoniness, widespread signs of erosion and the presence of buried horizons (Ab), demonstrating the strong control exerted by slope geomorphological processes (colluvial and erosive dynamics). In Mediterranean coastal contexts developed on carbonate substrates, lithology and geomorphological dynamics therefore prevail over the influence exerted by the specific composition of the forest floor.
Il presente studio ha valutato l'influenza della copertura vegetale sulle proprietà morfologiche, fisiche e chimiche degli orizzonti superficiali del suolo (Oln-Olv, A e Ab) nel contesto forestale mediterraneo del Monte Conero, nell'area di Sirolo. Il confronto è stato condotto tra profili sviluppati sotto bosco di latifoglie (a dominanza di Quercus ilex) e sotto bosco misto di conifere e latifoglie (Pinus halepensis e Quercus ilex), integrando rilievi morfologici di campagna, analisi di laboratorio (pH, conducibilità elettrica, carbonio organico totale e tessitura) ed elaborazioni statistiche multivariate (PCA e ANOVA). I risultati evidenziano che il principale fattore di differenziazione delle proprietà pedologiche è rappresentato dalla tipologia di orizzonte e dal gradiente di profondità del profilo, mentre l'effetto della copertura vegetale risulta secondario. L'analisi del carbonio organico totale (TOC) mostra una netta variazione verticale, con valori compresi tra il 43% e il 59% negli orizzonti organici Oln-Olv e riduzioni significative negli orizzonti minerali A (13–24%) e Ab (<10%). Non sono emerse differenze statisticamente significative nel contenuto di TOC tra la copertura a latifoglie e quella mista, sia per la presenza dominante del leccio in entrambi i soprassuoli sia per l'attenuazione degli effetti specifici tipica dei boschi misti. Anche il pH risponde principalmente alla stratificazione del profilo, passando da valori lievemente subacidi o neutri negli orizzonti organici (6,1–7,2) a valori neutri o subalcalini nell'orizzonte minerale A (7,5–8,0). L'elevata capacità tampone esercitata dal substrato calcareo-marnoso neutralizza i processi di acidificazione indotti dalla lettiera, mantenendo uniforme la reazione del suolo tra le differenti coperture vegetali. La conducibilità elettrica (EC) presenta una spiccata variabilità locale — associabile allo stadio di decomposizione della lettiera e all'apporto di aerosol marini vista la vicinanza alla costa —, senza mostrare variazioni statisticamente significative tra orizzonti o tipologie di bosco. L'Analisi delle Componenti Principali (PCA) conferma questo quadro, spiegando l'89,6% della varianza totale attraverso le prime due componenti e separando i campioni lungo l'asse definito dal gradiente TOC–pH (Dim1, 67,5% della varianza) in base all'appartenenza all'orizzonte pedologico. I rilievi morfologici mostrano profili poco profondi, elevata pietrosità, diffusi segni di erosione e la presenza di orizzonti sepolti (Ab), dimostrando il forte controllo esercitato dai processi geomorfologici di versante (dinamiche colluviali ed erosive). In contesti costieri mediterranei sviluppati su substrati carbonatici, la litologia e le dinamiche geomorfologiche prevalgono dunque sull'influenza esercitata dalla specifica composizione del soprassuolo forestale.
influenza della copertura vegetale sulle proprietà morfologiche, fisiche e chimiche degli orizzonti superficiali del suolo: il caso di Sirolo
CANTARINI, ALESSIO
2025/2026
Abstract
The present study evaluated the influence of vegetation cover on the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soil surface horizons (Oln-Olv, A and Ab) in the Mediterranean forest context of Monte Conero, in the Sirolo area. The comparison was conducted between profiles developed under broadleaf forest (dominant of Quercus ilex) and under mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest (Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex), integrating countryside morphological surveys, laboratory analyses (pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture) and multivariate statistical processing (PCA and ANOVA). The results highlight that the main factor differentiating soil properties is represented by the type of horizon and the depth gradient of the profile, while the effect of vegetation cover is secondary. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis shows a clear vertical variation, with values ranging from 43% to 59% in the Oln-Olv organic horizons and significant reductions in the A (13–24%) and Ab (<10%) mineral horizons. No statistically significant differences in TOC content emerged between broadleaf and mixed cover, either due to the dominant presence of holm oak in both stands or to the attenuation of specific effects typical of mixed forests. pH also responds mainly to profile stratification, going from slightly subacidic or neutral values in the organic horizons (6.1–7.2) to neutral or subalkaline values in the mineral horizon A (7.5–8.0). The high buffering capacity exerted by the calcareous-marly substrate neutralizes the acidification processes induced by the litter, maintaining uniform soil reaction between the different plant covers. Electrical conductivity (EC) presents a marked local variability —associated with the stage of litter decomposition and the supply of marine aerosols given the proximity to the coast —, without showing statistically significant variations between horizons or forest types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirms this picture, explaining 89.6% of the total variance through the first two components and separating the samples along the axis defined by the TOC–pH gradient (Dim1, 67.5% of the variance) based on their membership in the pedological horizon. Morphological reliefs show shallow profiles, high stoniness, widespread signs of erosion and the presence of buried horizons (Ab), demonstrating the strong control exerted by slope geomorphological processes (colluvial and erosive dynamics). In Mediterranean coastal contexts developed on carbonate substrates, lithology and geomorphological dynamics therefore prevail over the influence exerted by the specific composition of the forest floor.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
tesi triennale di alessio cantarini.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
2.93 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.93 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28616