This thesis examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in China, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) as its analytical framework. After reconstructing its theoretical foundations, the work examines China's environmental reforms like: Five-Year Plans, energy dual control, the carbon trading scheme, showing how pollution reduction has been deliberately built through public intervention rather than left to market forces. The empirical review of existing literature reveals a marked asymmetry between pollutants: for SO2, particulate matter and wastewater, an inverted U-shaped relationship prevails, with turning points already reached in coastal provinces; for CO2, evidence is fragmented, showing N-shaped relationships or turning points estimated at income levels far above current ones. The thesis concludes that the EKC is not a general economic law but a possible outcome, dependent on institutional capacity, whose validity must be assessed separately for each pollutant.
La tesi analizza il rapporto tra crescita economica e degrado ambientale in Cina, utilizzando la Curva di Kuznets Ambientale (EKC) come strumento analitico. Dopo averne ricostruito i fondamenti teorici, il lavoro esamina le riforme ambientali cinesi tra cui: piani quinquennali, doppio controllo energetico, mercato del carbonio, mostrando come la riduzione dell'inquinamento sia stata costruita attraverso l'intervento pubblico più che affidata al mercato. La verifica empirica, condotta sulla letteratura scientifica esistente, evidenzia una netta asimmetria tra inquinanti: per SO2, particolato e scarichi idrici prevale una relazione a U rovesciata, con punti di svolta già raggiunti nelle province costiere; per la CO2 l'evidenza è frammentata, con relazioni a N o punti di svolta stimati a redditi molto superiori a quelli attuali. La tesi conclude che la EKC non è una legge economica generale, ma un esito possibile, dipendente dalla capacità istituzionale, la cui validità va valutata per ciascun inquinante separatamente.
LA CURVA DI KUZNETS AMBIENTALE E IL MODELLO DI CRESCITA CINESE: UN'ANALISI DEL RAPPORTO TRA SVILUPPO ECONOMICO E DEGRADO AMBIENTALE
MORRONI, MATTIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in China, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) as its analytical framework. After reconstructing its theoretical foundations, the work examines China's environmental reforms like: Five-Year Plans, energy dual control, the carbon trading scheme, showing how pollution reduction has been deliberately built through public intervention rather than left to market forces. The empirical review of existing literature reveals a marked asymmetry between pollutants: for SO2, particulate matter and wastewater, an inverted U-shaped relationship prevails, with turning points already reached in coastal provinces; for CO2, evidence is fragmented, showing N-shaped relationships or turning points estimated at income levels far above current ones. The thesis concludes that the EKC is not a general economic law but a possible outcome, dependent on institutional capacity, whose validity must be assessed separately for each pollutant.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28845