This final report examines how the digital creative economy — comprising content creation, streaming, influencer marketing, and algorithmically managed advertising — contributes to macroeconomic activity and, above all, to the way consumer demand is generated today. The central thesis is that digital advertising has moved beyond simply satisfying existing demand and has begun to create it. In the television era, advertising exposure was limited by cost: an advertisement was expensive to produce and place, so brands purchased relatively few exposures with broad reach. Algorithmic platforms have removed this constraint and now deliver dozens of personalised impressions per day at a much lower cost per thousand impressions. Three behavioural mechanisms operate on this basis: impulse buying, social proof, and fear of missing out (FOMO). The study combines three sources of evidence. The first consists of macroeconomic and industry data: creative industries are worth approximately USD 2.25 trillion per year, equivalent to around 3 per cent of global GDP, and approximately two million people earn a full-time living from content creation. The second is an original case study conducted by the author on Buffers, a cloud kitchen established in Bhopal, India, and promoted exclusively through Instagram, without any paid advertising budget. The third is an exploratory survey of consumer purchasing behaviour. Across the ten days for which the sales records provide a reliable daily total, average revenue was ₹4,164.50 on days with Instagram posting, compared with ₹2,891.67 on days without posting, representing a difference of 44.0 per cent. However, the sample is very small: the correlation was 0.56, Welch’s t-test produced p = 0.137, and Cohen’s d was 1.24. The effect is therefore large in standardised terms but not statistically significant at the 5 per cent level and should be interpreted as preliminary evidence of an association rather than proof of a causal relationship. The survey collected eighteen responses, of which seventeen were usable. Ten respondents reported purchasing products they had not planned to buy after seeing them online, with Instagram being the platform identified most frequently. However, the same respondents largely rejected the idea that they were driven by FOMO, impulse buying, or greater trust in influencers than brands. This gap between reported behaviour and reported attitudes is the most interesting finding of the survey and suggests that digital influence may operate through familiarity without being consciously recognised as persuasion. Overall, the study concludes that consumer demand in the digital era is increasingly constructed rather than spontaneous. The evidence collected from Buffers remains preliminary, but it points in the same direction as the macroeconomic data and documented cases, while providing the advantage of being collected from within the phenomenon rather than from a report written about it.
Questo rapporto finale studia il modo in cui l’economia creativa digitale — l’insieme formato dalla produzione di contenuti, dallo streaming, dal marketing degli influencer e dalla pubblicità gestita da algoritmi — contribuisce all’attività macroeconomica e, soprattutto, al modo in cui la domanda dei consumatori viene oggi generata. La tesi centrale è che la pubblicità digitale ha smesso di limitarsi a soddisfare una domanda già esistente e ha cominciato a costruirla. Nell’era televisiva l’esposizione pubblicitaria era limitata dal costo: un annuncio era caro da produrre e da collocare, per cui le marche compravano poche esposizioni ad ampia copertura. Le piattaforme algoritmiche hanno rimosso questo vincolo e consegnano oggi decine di impressioni personalizzate al giorno, a un costo per mille contatti molto inferiore. Su questa base operano tre meccanismi comportamentali: l’acquisto d’impulso, la riprova sociale e la paura di restare esclusi (FOMO). Il lavoro combina tre fonti di evidenza. La prima è costituita da dati macroeconomici e di settore: le industrie creative valgono circa 2.250 miliardi di dollari l’anno, pari a circa il 3 per cento del PIL mondiale, e circa due milioni di persone vivono a tempo pieno di produzione di contenuti. La seconda è uno studio di caso originale condotto dall’autore su Buffers, una cloud kitchen aperta a Bhopal, in India, e promossa esclusivamente tramite Instagram, senza alcun 3 budget pubblicitario a pagamento. La terza è un’indagine esplorativa sui comportamenti d’acquisto. Nei dieci giorni per i quali il registro delle vendite riporta un totale giornaliero certo, il fatturato medio è stato di 4.164,50 rupie nei giorni con pubblicazione su Instagram, contro 2.891,67 rupie nei giorni senza pubblicazione, con una differenza del 44,0 per cento. Il campione è però molto piccolo: la correlazione è pari a 0,56, il test t di Welch restituisce p = 0,137 e il d di Cohen è 1,24. L’effetto è quindi ampio in termini standardizzati ma non significativo al 5 per cento, e va letto come evidenza preliminare di associazione e non come prova di un rapporto causale. L’indagine ha raccolto diciotto risposte, di cui diciassette utilizzabili. Dieci rispondenti dichiarano di aver acquistato prodotti non previsti dopo averli visti online e Instagram è la piattaforma indicata più spesso. Gli stessi rispondenti, tuttavia, respingono in maggioranza l’idea di essere mossi dalla FOMO, di acquistare d’impulso o di fidarsi degli influencer più che delle marche. Questa distanza fra comportamento dichiarato e atteggiamento dichiarato è il risultato più interessante dell’indagine e suggerisce che l’influenza digitale agisca attraverso la familiarità, senza essere riconosciuta come persuasione. Nel complesso il lavoro conclude che la domanda dei consumatori nell’era digitale è in misura crescente costruita più che spontanea. L’evidenza raccolta su Buffers resta preliminare, ma va nella stessa direzione dei dati macroeconomici e dei casi documentati, e ha il pregio di essere raccolta dall’interno del fenomeno anziché da un rapporto scritto su di esso.
THE DIGITAL CREATIVE ECONOMY Advertising and the Engineering of Consumer Demand
AMIN, SYED FARZAN
2025/2026
Abstract
This final report examines how the digital creative economy — comprising content creation, streaming, influencer marketing, and algorithmically managed advertising — contributes to macroeconomic activity and, above all, to the way consumer demand is generated today. The central thesis is that digital advertising has moved beyond simply satisfying existing demand and has begun to create it. In the television era, advertising exposure was limited by cost: an advertisement was expensive to produce and place, so brands purchased relatively few exposures with broad reach. Algorithmic platforms have removed this constraint and now deliver dozens of personalised impressions per day at a much lower cost per thousand impressions. Three behavioural mechanisms operate on this basis: impulse buying, social proof, and fear of missing out (FOMO). The study combines three sources of evidence. The first consists of macroeconomic and industry data: creative industries are worth approximately USD 2.25 trillion per year, equivalent to around 3 per cent of global GDP, and approximately two million people earn a full-time living from content creation. The second is an original case study conducted by the author on Buffers, a cloud kitchen established in Bhopal, India, and promoted exclusively through Instagram, without any paid advertising budget. The third is an exploratory survey of consumer purchasing behaviour. Across the ten days for which the sales records provide a reliable daily total, average revenue was ₹4,164.50 on days with Instagram posting, compared with ₹2,891.67 on days without posting, representing a difference of 44.0 per cent. However, the sample is very small: the correlation was 0.56, Welch’s t-test produced p = 0.137, and Cohen’s d was 1.24. The effect is therefore large in standardised terms but not statistically significant at the 5 per cent level and should be interpreted as preliminary evidence of an association rather than proof of a causal relationship. The survey collected eighteen responses, of which seventeen were usable. Ten respondents reported purchasing products they had not planned to buy after seeing them online, with Instagram being the platform identified most frequently. However, the same respondents largely rejected the idea that they were driven by FOMO, impulse buying, or greater trust in influencers than brands. This gap between reported behaviour and reported attitudes is the most interesting finding of the survey and suggests that digital influence may operate through familiarity without being consciously recognised as persuasion. Overall, the study concludes that consumer demand in the digital era is increasingly constructed rather than spontaneous. The evidence collected from Buffers remains preliminary, but it points in the same direction as the macroeconomic data and documented cases, while providing the advantage of being collected from within the phenomenon rather than from a report written about it.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28901