Sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of in-hospital mortality among the elderly population. However, sepsis does not always present clinically as a single, well-defined, and consistent entity across patients; rather, it manifests in highly heterogeneous ways, making accurate clinical assessment and risk stratification challenging. Significant diagnostic and prognostic limitations arise, in particular, from polypharmacy, reduced organ functional reserve, immunosenescence, and the frequent occurrence of atypical clinical presentations. Even currently used clinical scores, despite being widely validated, have limitations when applied to elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, pre-existing organ dysfunction, or chronically altered physiological parameters. Recent studies suggest that cellular and molecular biomarkers may provide complementary information to traditional scores, especially when integrated and interpreted alongside other parameters. Against this background, this thesis aims to analyze the expression and concentration profiles of specific microRNAs and other potential biomarkers involved in the inflammatory, metabolic, endothelial, and neurological responses to sepsis, specifically miR-21, miR-122, miR-146a, miR-320b, and miR-483-5p, as well as FGF21, IL-6, CCL22, and NfL, and to evaluate their potential utility as predictors of in-hospital mortality.
La sepsi e lo shock settico sono una delle principali cause di mortalità intraospedaliera per quanto riguarda la popolazione anziana. Tuttavia la sepsi non si presenta clinicamente sempre con un’unica forma ben definita e ripetuta nei vari pazienti, ma in modalità molto eterogenee; per questo motivo risulta complicato effettuare una corretta valutazione clinica e stratificazione del rischio. In particolar modo si riscontrano significativi limiti diagnostici e prognostici legati all’uso di più farmaci nelle terapie, alla ridotta riserva funzionale d’organo, ai processi di immunosenescenza e alla frequente comparsa di manifestazioni cliniche atipiche. Anche gli score clinici oggi in uso, sebbene ampiamente validati, presentano dei limiti quando li andiamo ad applicare in un paziente anziano che presenta più patologie contemporaneamente, delle disfunzioni d’organo già prima del ricovero in ospedale o dei parametri alterati in maniera cronica. Studi recenti suggeriscono pertanto che i biomarcatori cellulari e molecolari possano fornire informazioni complementari rispetto agli score tradizionali, soprattutto quando sono integrati ed interpretati insieme ad altri parametri. In questo contesto, la presente tesi si propone di analizzare il profilo di espressione e di concentrazione di specifici microRNA e altri possibili biomarcatori coinvolti nella risposta infiammatoria, metabolica, endoteliale e neurologica alla sepsi, con particolare riferimento a miR-21, miR-122, miR-146a, miR-320b e miR-483-5p, nonché a FGF21, IL-6, CCL22 e NfL, e ai loro possibile utilizzo come predittori di morte intra ospedaliera.
SEPSI NELL’ANZIANO: STUDIO DI MICRORNA E BIOMARCATORI CIRCOLANTI COME PREDITTORI DI MORTALITÀ INTRAOSPEDALIERA
CAVALIERI, ALESSANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of in-hospital mortality among the elderly population. However, sepsis does not always present clinically as a single, well-defined, and consistent entity across patients; rather, it manifests in highly heterogeneous ways, making accurate clinical assessment and risk stratification challenging. Significant diagnostic and prognostic limitations arise, in particular, from polypharmacy, reduced organ functional reserve, immunosenescence, and the frequent occurrence of atypical clinical presentations. Even currently used clinical scores, despite being widely validated, have limitations when applied to elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, pre-existing organ dysfunction, or chronically altered physiological parameters. Recent studies suggest that cellular and molecular biomarkers may provide complementary information to traditional scores, especially when integrated and interpreted alongside other parameters. Against this background, this thesis aims to analyze the expression and concentration profiles of specific microRNAs and other potential biomarkers involved in the inflammatory, metabolic, endothelial, and neurological responses to sepsis, specifically miR-21, miR-122, miR-146a, miR-320b, and miR-483-5p, as well as FGF21, IL-6, CCL22, and NfL, and to evaluate their potential utility as predictors of in-hospital mortality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/29028