Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of conditions that can affect a child's development in areas such as communication, social skills, autonomy, and behavioral regulation. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on early, caregiver-mediated interventions, which are considered effective tools for fostering child development within natural, everyday environments. Among these interventions, the Caregiver Skills Training (CST) program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) aims to equip caregivers with practical strategies to promote a child's communication, social engagement, and participation in daily activities. This paper describes the implementation of the CST program within the Jesi District (AST Ancona) between November 2025 and February 2026. The study involved five families with children aged 2 to 6 years who either had a diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder or were undergoing diagnostic assessment. Progress throughout the program was monitored using an observational checklist—developed specifically for this study which was administered at three distinct time points (T0, T1, and T2). This was supplemented by a satisfaction questionnaire completed by the caregivers at the end of the intervention. The results indicate a general trend toward improvement in the areas of behavior, communication, and play specifically regarding engagement in shared activities, intentional communication, and the quality of caregiver-child interactions. Furthermore, caregivers reported high levels of satisfaction, highlighting the utility of the strategies they learned for managing daily activities and addressing the challenges encountered during their child's development. Despite limitations related to the small sample size and the exploratory nature of the study, the findings suggest the potential value of CST as a family-centered intervention and confirm the importance of actively involving caregivers in fostering the communicative, relational, and participatory development of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The results support the potential use of CST as a caregiver-mediated intervention within community-based services for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
I disturbi del neurosviluppo comprendono un gruppo eterogeneo di condizioni che possono influenzare lo sviluppo della comunicazione, delle competenze sociali, delle autonomie e della regolazione comportamentale del bambino. Negli ultimi anni è emersa una crescente attenzione verso gli interventi precoci mediati dai caregiver, considerati strumenti efficaci per favorire lo sviluppo del bambino all'interno dei contesti naturali di vita. Tra questi interventi, il Caregiver Skills Training (CST), sviluppato dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (WHO), si propone di fornire ai caregiver strategie pratiche finalizzate a promuovere la comunicazione, il coinvolgimento sociale e la partecipazione del bambino nelle attività quotidiane. Il presente lavoro descrive l'applicazione del programma CST presso il Distretto di Jesi (AST Ancona) nel periodo compreso tra novembre 2025 e febbraio 2026. Hanno partecipato allo studio cinque nuclei familiari con bambini di età compresa tra 2 e 6 anni con disturbi del neurosviluppo o in fase di approfondimento diagnostico. L'andamento del percorso è stato monitorato attraverso una checklist osservativa elaborata per il presente studio e somministrata in tre differenti momenti (T0, T1 e T2), integrata da un questionario di gradimento rivolto ai caregiver al termine dell'intervento. I risultati mostrano una generale tendenza al miglioramento nelle aree del comportamento, della comunicazione e del gioco, con particolare riferimento al coinvolgimento nelle attività condivise, alla comunicazione intenzionale e alla qualità delle interazioni caregiver-bambino. I caregiver hanno inoltre riportato elevati livelli di soddisfazione, evidenziando l'utilità delle strategie apprese nella gestione delle attività quotidiane e delle difficoltà incontrate nel percorso di crescita del proprio figlio. Pur nei limiti legati alla ridotta numerosità del campione e alla natura esplorativa dello studio, i risultati ottenuti suggeriscono il potenziale valore del CST come intervento centrato sulla famiglia e confermano l'importanza del coinvolgimento attivo dei caregiver nella promozione dello sviluppo comunicativo, relazionale e partecipativo dei bambini con disturbi del neurosviluppo. I risultati ottenuti supportano il potenziale utilizzo del CST come intervento mediato dai caregiver all'interno dei servizi territoriali dedicati ai bambini con disturbi del neurosviluppo.
Lo sviluppo comunicativo del bambino con disturbo del neurosviluppo: studio di applicazione del Caregiver Skills Training (CST) in Ast Ancona
ANGELETTI, ELISA
2025/2026
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of conditions that can affect a child's development in areas such as communication, social skills, autonomy, and behavioral regulation. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on early, caregiver-mediated interventions, which are considered effective tools for fostering child development within natural, everyday environments. Among these interventions, the Caregiver Skills Training (CST) program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) aims to equip caregivers with practical strategies to promote a child's communication, social engagement, and participation in daily activities. This paper describes the implementation of the CST program within the Jesi District (AST Ancona) between November 2025 and February 2026. The study involved five families with children aged 2 to 6 years who either had a diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder or were undergoing diagnostic assessment. Progress throughout the program was monitored using an observational checklist—developed specifically for this study which was administered at three distinct time points (T0, T1, and T2). This was supplemented by a satisfaction questionnaire completed by the caregivers at the end of the intervention. The results indicate a general trend toward improvement in the areas of behavior, communication, and play specifically regarding engagement in shared activities, intentional communication, and the quality of caregiver-child interactions. Furthermore, caregivers reported high levels of satisfaction, highlighting the utility of the strategies they learned for managing daily activities and addressing the challenges encountered during their child's development. Despite limitations related to the small sample size and the exploratory nature of the study, the findings suggest the potential value of CST as a family-centered intervention and confirm the importance of actively involving caregivers in fostering the communicative, relational, and participatory development of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The results support the potential use of CST as a caregiver-mediated intervention within community-based services for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/29867