The recurring production of English words has been observed in some Italian children with autism, even in the absence of a bilingual home environment or intensive language instruction. This thesis examines the phenomenon from a speech-language pathology perspective, focusing on the availability of English vocabulary for production and its relationship to the child’s Italian lexical repertoire. The expression “comfort language” is used as an exploratory category to denote a limited set of English forms that, due to the frequency of exposure and the familiarity of the input, may be particularly accessible to the child. This term does not represent a validated clinical category, nor does it imply general bilingual competence, a conscious preference for English, or a previously demonstrated regulatory function. An observational study was designed, based on a series of six clinical cases. The participants are children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) raised in -monolingual Italian speaking- families and characterized by the recurrent production of English words or sequences. The investigation involves an intra-individual comparison between naming performances in Italian and English, supplemented by the collection of clinical, cognitive, and linguistic information, as well as the reconstruction of the main sources of exposure to English. The analysis is limited to lexical production; consequently, it does not allow for an equivalent assessment of comprehension in both languages, morphosyntactic competence, pragmatic use of language, or the intentionality underlying language selection. English productions are therefore interpreted as indicators of the availability of specific lexical forms rather than as independent evidence of bilingualism or English language dominance. This study aims to provide an initial clinical and speech-language description of the phenomenon and to determine whether, in the cases examined, the use of English terms represents isolated instances or a recognizable expressive repertoire, potentially linked to the individuals' specific patterns of exposure. Due to the small sample size and the intentional selection process, the findings cannot be generalized to the whole autistic population; however, they may contribute to the development of more precise criteria for future investigations into the acquisition and use of English vocabulary. The results reveal heterogeneous profiles: correct naming responses in English were observed in all six cases. In two cases, English production reached or exceeded Italian production, whereas in the remaining cases the ratio between the two languages ranged from 43% to 90%. Qualitative analysis also documented English-influenced forms, descriptive strategies, and, in some cases, English labels corresponding to referents that were not named in Italian. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); language selection; vocabulary; bilingualism; comfort language; incidental learning.
La produzione ricorrente di parole inglesi è stata osservata in alcuni bambini autistici italiani anche in assenza di bilinguismo familiare o di un insegnamento intensivo della lingua. La tesi esamina tale fenomeno da una prospettiva logopedica, concentrandosi sulla disponibilità produttiva del lessico inglese e sul suo rapporto con il repertorio italiano. L’espressione “lingua di comfort” viene utilizzata come categoria esplorativa per indicare un repertorio circoscritto di forme inglesi che, in relazione alla frequenza dell’esposizione e alla familiarità dell’input, possono risultare particolarmente accessibili al bambino. Il termine non identifica una categoria clinica validata e non presuppone una competenza bilingue generale, una preferenza consapevole per l’inglese o una funzione regolativa già dimostrata. È stato progettato uno studio osservazionale basato su una serie di sei casi clinici. I partecipanti sono bambini con diagnosi di disturbo dello spettro autistico, cresciuti in famiglie monolingui italiane e caratterizzati dalla produzione ricorrente di parole o sequenze inglesi. L’indagine prevede il confronto intraindividuale tra le denominazioni prodotte in italiano e in inglese, integrato dalla raccolta di informazioni cliniche, cognitive e linguistiche e dalla ricostruzione delle principali fonti di esposizione all’inglese. L’analisi è circoscritta alla produzione lessicale. Di conseguenza, non permette di valutare in modo equivalente la comprensione nelle due lingue, la competenza morfosintattica, l’uso pragmatico o l’intenzionalità della selezione linguistica. Le produzioni inglesi vengono pertanto interpretate come indicatori della disponibilità di specifiche forme lessicali e non come prova autonoma di bilinguismo o di dominanza dell’inglese. Lo studio intende fornire una prima descrizione clinico-logopedica del fenomeno e verificare se, nei casi esaminati, le denominazioni inglesi costituiscano produzioni isolate oppure un repertorio espressivo riconoscibile, eventualmente collegato alle modalità di esposizione. La ridotta numerosità e la selezione intenzionale del campione non consentono di generalizzare i risultati alla popolazione autistica, ma possono contribuire a definire criteri più precisi per successive indagini sull’acquisizione e sull’uso del lessico inglese. I risultati mostrano profili eterogenei: in tutti i sei casi sono state rilevate denominazioni corrette in inglese; in due casi la produzione inglese ha raggiunto o superato quella italiana, mentre negli altri il rapporto tra le lingue si è collocato tra il 43% e il 90%. L'analisi qualitativa ha inoltre documentato forme inglesizzate, strategie descrittive e, in alcuni casi, denominazioni inglesi corrispondenti a referenti non denominati in italiano. Parole chiave: disturbo dello spettro autistico; selezione linguistica; lessico; bilinguismo; lingua di comfort; apprendimento incidentale.
L'INGLESE COME LINGUA DI COMFORT NEI BAMBINI ASD ITALIANI: UN'IPOTESI NEUROCOGNITIVA TRA PATTERN, AFFETTIVITÀ E SELEZIONE LINGUISTICA SPONTANEA
FILIAGGI, DILETTA
2025/2026
Abstract
The recurring production of English words has been observed in some Italian children with autism, even in the absence of a bilingual home environment or intensive language instruction. This thesis examines the phenomenon from a speech-language pathology perspective, focusing on the availability of English vocabulary for production and its relationship to the child’s Italian lexical repertoire. The expression “comfort language” is used as an exploratory category to denote a limited set of English forms that, due to the frequency of exposure and the familiarity of the input, may be particularly accessible to the child. This term does not represent a validated clinical category, nor does it imply general bilingual competence, a conscious preference for English, or a previously demonstrated regulatory function. An observational study was designed, based on a series of six clinical cases. The participants are children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) raised in -monolingual Italian speaking- families and characterized by the recurrent production of English words or sequences. The investigation involves an intra-individual comparison between naming performances in Italian and English, supplemented by the collection of clinical, cognitive, and linguistic information, as well as the reconstruction of the main sources of exposure to English. The analysis is limited to lexical production; consequently, it does not allow for an equivalent assessment of comprehension in both languages, morphosyntactic competence, pragmatic use of language, or the intentionality underlying language selection. English productions are therefore interpreted as indicators of the availability of specific lexical forms rather than as independent evidence of bilingualism or English language dominance. This study aims to provide an initial clinical and speech-language description of the phenomenon and to determine whether, in the cases examined, the use of English terms represents isolated instances or a recognizable expressive repertoire, potentially linked to the individuals' specific patterns of exposure. Due to the small sample size and the intentional selection process, the findings cannot be generalized to the whole autistic population; however, they may contribute to the development of more precise criteria for future investigations into the acquisition and use of English vocabulary. The results reveal heterogeneous profiles: correct naming responses in English were observed in all six cases. In two cases, English production reached or exceeded Italian production, whereas in the remaining cases the ratio between the two languages ranged from 43% to 90%. Qualitative analysis also documented English-influenced forms, descriptive strategies, and, in some cases, English labels corresponding to referents that were not named in Italian. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); language selection; vocabulary; bilingualism; comfort language; incidental learning.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
TESI-FILIAGGI DILETTA.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
979.1 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
979.1 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/29872