Introduction. Emotional-behavioral dysregulation in the preschool years may be associated with difficulties in executive functions, with repercussions for self-regulation, relational skills, and participation in daily activities. Individual and group-based neuropsychomotor interventions offer distinct therapeutic opportunities; however, evidence regarding changes in executive functions across these two treatment modalities remains limited. Objective. To describe variations in executive performance and observed behavior in children with emotional-behavioral dysregulation undergoing either individual or group-based neuropsychomotor treatment, and to conduct an exploratory comparison of the changes observed between these two intervention modalities. Materials and Methods. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted involving 10 preschool-aged children—5 receiving individual treatment and 5 receiving group-based treatment, according to clinical indications. Executive functions were assessed before (T0) and after (T1) the rehabilitation program using eight subtests from the FE-PS battery. Changes in percentile ranks were analyzed descriptively for each subtest and supplemented with clinical observations regarding self-regulation, behavioral organization, and participation. The association between the number of sessions attended and changes in executive performance was also explored. Results. FE-PS performance showed heterogeneous changes. In the group-based treatment, increases in percentile ranks were observed more frequently in the "Elephant and Bear" (3/5 children) and "Color and Shape Game" (3/4 evaluable children) subtests, whereas in the individual treatment, increases were more frequent in the "Keep in Mind" (3/4 evaluable children) and "The Gift" (3/5 children) subtests. Clinical observations have documented, in some children, favorable changes in self-regulation, the organization of activities, and participation in social interactions. The association between the number of sessions and the proportion of indicators showing an increase in percentile rank was positive, though not statistically significant (ρ = 0.55; p = 0.103). Conclusions. The study highlighted distinct patterns of change in executive components and observed behavior. The findings suggest that individual and group-based treatment modalities may offer different opportunities for stimulating executive skills, with particular interest in the role of peer interaction in behavioral self-regulation. These observations are exploratory in nature and require confirmation through studies with larger samples and appropriate methodological designs.
Introduzione. La disregolazione emotivo-comportamentale in età prescolare può associarsi a difficoltà nelle funzioni esecutive, con ripercussioni sull'autoregolazione, sulle competenze relazionali e sulla partecipazione alle attività quotidiane. Gli interventi neuropsicomotori individuali e di gruppo offrono differenti opportunità terapeutiche, ma le evidenze relative ai cambiamenti delle funzioni esecutive nelle due modalità di trattamento sono ancora limitate. Obiettivo. Descrivere le variazioni delle prestazioni esecutive e del comportamento osservato in bambini con disregolazione emotivo-comportamentale sottoposti a trattamento neuropsicomotorio individuale o di gruppo, confrontando in maniera esplorativa i cambiamenti nelle due modalità di intervento. Materiali e metodi. È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale prospettico di coorte su 10 bambini di età prescolare, di cui 5 sottoposti a trattamento individuale e 5 a trattamento di gruppo, secondo indicazione clinica. Le funzioni esecutive sono state valutate prima (T0) e dopo (T1) il percorso riabilitativo mediante otto prove della batteria FE-PS. Le variazioni dei ranghi percentili sono state analizzate descrittivamente per ciascuna prova e integrate con le osservazioni cliniche relative all'autoregolazione, all'organizzazione del comportamento e alla partecipazione. È stata inoltre esplorata l'associazione tra numero di sedute effettuate e variazioni delle prestazioni esecutive. Risultati. Le prestazioni FE-PS hanno mostrato cambiamenti eterogenei. Nel trattamento di gruppo sono stati osservati più frequentemente aumenti dei ranghi percentili nelle prove L'elefante e l'orso (3/5 bambini) e Il gioco del colore e della forma (3/4 valutabili), mentre nel trattamento individuale gli aumenti sono risultati più frequenti nelle prove Tieni a mente (3/4 valutabili) e Il dono (3/5 bambini). Le osservazioni cliniche hanno documentato in alcuni bambini modificazioni favorevoli dell'autoregolazione, dell'organizzazione delle attività e della partecipazione alle interazioni sociali. L'associazione tra numero di sedute e proporzione di indicatori con aumento del rango percentile è risultata positiva, ma non statisticamente significativa (ρ = 0,55; p = 0,103). Conclusioni. Lo studio ha evidenziato differenti profili di cambiamento nelle componenti esecutive e nel comportamento osservato. I risultati suggeriscono che le modalità di trattamento individuale e di gruppo possano offrire opportunità differenti di sollecitazione delle competenze esecutive, con particolare interesse per il ruolo dell'interazione tra pari nell'autoregolazione comportamentale. Tali osservazioni, di natura esplorativa, richiedono conferma mediante studi con campioni più ampi e disegni metodologici adeguati.
Interventi riabilitativi nella disregolazione emotivo-comportamentale nei bambini di età prescolare: confronto tra setting individuale e di gruppo
CECCHINI, GIORGIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction. Emotional-behavioral dysregulation in the preschool years may be associated with difficulties in executive functions, with repercussions for self-regulation, relational skills, and participation in daily activities. Individual and group-based neuropsychomotor interventions offer distinct therapeutic opportunities; however, evidence regarding changes in executive functions across these two treatment modalities remains limited. Objective. To describe variations in executive performance and observed behavior in children with emotional-behavioral dysregulation undergoing either individual or group-based neuropsychomotor treatment, and to conduct an exploratory comparison of the changes observed between these two intervention modalities. Materials and Methods. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted involving 10 preschool-aged children—5 receiving individual treatment and 5 receiving group-based treatment, according to clinical indications. Executive functions were assessed before (T0) and after (T1) the rehabilitation program using eight subtests from the FE-PS battery. Changes in percentile ranks were analyzed descriptively for each subtest and supplemented with clinical observations regarding self-regulation, behavioral organization, and participation. The association between the number of sessions attended and changes in executive performance was also explored. Results. FE-PS performance showed heterogeneous changes. In the group-based treatment, increases in percentile ranks were observed more frequently in the "Elephant and Bear" (3/5 children) and "Color and Shape Game" (3/4 evaluable children) subtests, whereas in the individual treatment, increases were more frequent in the "Keep in Mind" (3/4 evaluable children) and "The Gift" (3/5 children) subtests. Clinical observations have documented, in some children, favorable changes in self-regulation, the organization of activities, and participation in social interactions. The association between the number of sessions and the proportion of indicators showing an increase in percentile rank was positive, though not statistically significant (ρ = 0.55; p = 0.103). Conclusions. The study highlighted distinct patterns of change in executive components and observed behavior. The findings suggest that individual and group-based treatment modalities may offer different opportunities for stimulating executive skills, with particular interest in the role of peer interaction in behavioral self-regulation. These observations are exploratory in nature and require confirmation through studies with larger samples and appropriate methodological designs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/29987