Introduction: It is common opinion that the phenomenon of population aging is now an unavoidable process in almost all developed countries. The increase in life expectancy coincides with an increase in chronic diseases and conditions of non self-sufficiency. The purpose of this study is to research the key components and the effectiveness of integrated home care in frail elderly patients. Materials and Methods: 20 articles from different databases were considered retrospectively for 5 years to compile the following literature review. Studies with a hospital setting were not considered. Results: This study identified 5 main key components of integrated home care: multidisciplinary teams, promotion of self-management, individualized and multidimensional care, caregiver and prevention. Most of the studies taken into consideration have shown that integrated care can reduce the rates of unscheduled hospitalization and institutionalization. Discussion and conclusions: The ultimate goal of care for the elderly in the home should be the maintenance of their functional abilities, with the maintenance of their autonomy. This type of model of assistance delivery, together with the mobilization of the necessary social supports, can be achieved, at an organizational and political level, more effectively with appropriate training, levers and incentives. There are very few articles dealing with a fragile patient, prevention and improvement of care to be provided to this type of person, and these are precisely the objectives that future research should support. Keywords: integrated care; older adults; frailty; effectiveness; key components.
Introduzione: È opinione comune che il fenomeno dell’invecchiamento della popolazione sia ormai un processo ineludibile in quasi tutti i paesi sviluppati. L’aumento dell’aspettativa di vita coincide con un aumento delle patologie croniche e delle condizioni di non autosufficienza. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di ricercare le componenti chiave e l’efficacia dell’assistenza domiciliare integrata nei pazienti anziani fragili. Materiali e metodi: Per redigere la seguente revisione della letteratura sono stati presi in considerazione 20 articoli da diverse banche dati in modo retroattivo di 5 anni. Non sono stati presi in esame tutti quegli studi con un setting ospedaliero. Risultati: Questo studio ha identificato 5 principali componenti chiave dell’assistenza domiciliare integrata: team multidisciplinari, promozione dell’autogestione, assistenza individualizzata e multidimensionale, caregiver e prevenzione. La maggioranza degli studi presi in considerazione hanno dimostrato che un’assistenza integrata può ridurre i tassi di ospedalizzazione non programmata e istituzionalizzazione. Discussione e conclusioni: L’obiettivo finale dell’assistenza agli anziani in ambiente domestico dovrebbe essere il mantenimento delle loro capacità funzionali, con il mantenimento della loro autonomia. Questo tipo di modello di erogazione dell’assistenza, insieme alla mobilitazione dei necessari supporti sociali, può essere realizzato, a livello di organizzazione e politica, in modo più efficace con la formazione, le leve e gli incentivi appropriati. Sono davvero pochi gli articoli dove si parla di paziente fragile, di prevenzione e di miglioramento dell’assistenza da fornire a questo tipo di soggetti, e sono proprio questi gli obiettivi che la futura ricerca dovrebbe sostenere. Keywords: integrated care; older adults; frailty; effectiveness; key components.
Il paziente anziano fragile: efficacia ed elementi chiave dell'assistenza domiciliare integrata
TEDESCHI, ELISA
2019/2020
Abstract
Introduction: It is common opinion that the phenomenon of population aging is now an unavoidable process in almost all developed countries. The increase in life expectancy coincides with an increase in chronic diseases and conditions of non self-sufficiency. The purpose of this study is to research the key components and the effectiveness of integrated home care in frail elderly patients. Materials and Methods: 20 articles from different databases were considered retrospectively for 5 years to compile the following literature review. Studies with a hospital setting were not considered. Results: This study identified 5 main key components of integrated home care: multidisciplinary teams, promotion of self-management, individualized and multidimensional care, caregiver and prevention. Most of the studies taken into consideration have shown that integrated care can reduce the rates of unscheduled hospitalization and institutionalization. Discussion and conclusions: The ultimate goal of care for the elderly in the home should be the maintenance of their functional abilities, with the maintenance of their autonomy. This type of model of assistance delivery, together with the mobilization of the necessary social supports, can be achieved, at an organizational and political level, more effectively with appropriate training, levers and incentives. There are very few articles dealing with a fragile patient, prevention and improvement of care to be provided to this type of person, and these are precisely the objectives that future research should support. Keywords: integrated care; older adults; frailty; effectiveness; key components.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/3344