Behavioral economics is one of the fields of economic science that has established itself since the mid-twentieth century and has been considerably deepened in recent years. According to the leading exponents of this subject, the fundamental axioms of neoclassical economics, such as "homo oeconomicus", are no longer valid in the real world today. In fact, it has been shown that man is an irrational being influenced by his own emotions and feelings in the decision-making process. These influences often lead the individual not to choose the optimal alternative for his well-being. In this report, will be exposed one of the most important theories of behavioral economics: the prospect theory. Through this study, Kaheman and Tversky showed that humans are remarkably risk averse; aversion that leads them to perceive losses more than gains of equal value. Then we will consider the equity premium puzzle which, through empirical observation, has shown how investors are averse to certain stocks based on their perception of risk. In the end, we will consider the nudge strategy: a theory developed around 2008 by the behavioral economist R. H. Thaler and the jurist C. Sunstein. This study demonstrates how through "a gentle push" humans can be guided towards the optimal choice for their well-being, without limiting their freedom. A strategy that is still adopted by several nations within their own government to improve the conditions of the community. In this report will be considered The Behavioral Insights Team in the UK.
L’economia comportamentale è uno dei campi della scienza economica che si è affermata a partire dalla metà del XX Secolo e negli ultimi anni notevolmente approfondito. In accordo con i maggior esponenti di tale materia, gli assiomi fondamentali dell’economia neoclassica, come l’”homo oeconomicus”, quest’oggi non sono più validi nel mondo reale. Infatti, si è dimostrato come l’uomo è un essere irrazionale influenzato dalle proprie emozioni e dai propri sentimenti nel processo decisionale. Tali influenze portano spesso l’individuo a non scegliere l’alternativa ottimale per il proprio benessere. In questo elaborato, verrà esposta una delle teorie dell’economia comportamentale più importanti: la teoria del prospetto. Attraverso questo studio, Kaheman e Tversky dimostrarono che gli esseri umani sono soggetti notevolmente avversi al rischio; avversione che li porta a percepire maggiormente le perdite rispetto a guadagni di pari valore. Poi si considererà il equity premium puzzle che, attraverso un’osservazione empirica, ha dimostrato come gli investitori sono avversi a determinati titoli di Borsa in base alla loro percezione del rischio. Infine, si considererà la strategia del nudge: teoria sviluppata intorno al 2008 dall’economista comportamentale R. H. Thaler e il giurista C. Sunstein. Questo studio dimostra come attraverso “una spinta gentile” gli esseri umani possono essere guidati verso la scelta ottimale per il loro benessere, senza limitare la loro libertà. Strategia che viene tutt’oggi adottata da divere nazioni all’interno del proprio governo per migliorare le condizioni della collettività. In questo rapporto verrà considerato in particolare il Behavioural Insights Team nel Regno Unito.
STRATEGIA DEL NUDGE: UNA RIVOLUZIONE GENTILE DELL'ECONOMIA COMPORTAMENTALE
SABBATINI, CARLO
2019/2020
Abstract
Behavioral economics is one of the fields of economic science that has established itself since the mid-twentieth century and has been considerably deepened in recent years. According to the leading exponents of this subject, the fundamental axioms of neoclassical economics, such as "homo oeconomicus", are no longer valid in the real world today. In fact, it has been shown that man is an irrational being influenced by his own emotions and feelings in the decision-making process. These influences often lead the individual not to choose the optimal alternative for his well-being. In this report, will be exposed one of the most important theories of behavioral economics: the prospect theory. Through this study, Kaheman and Tversky showed that humans are remarkably risk averse; aversion that leads them to perceive losses more than gains of equal value. Then we will consider the equity premium puzzle which, through empirical observation, has shown how investors are averse to certain stocks based on their perception of risk. In the end, we will consider the nudge strategy: a theory developed around 2008 by the behavioral economist R. H. Thaler and the jurist C. Sunstein. This study demonstrates how through "a gentle push" humans can be guided towards the optimal choice for their well-being, without limiting their freedom. A strategy that is still adopted by several nations within their own government to improve the conditions of the community. In this report will be considered The Behavioral Insights Team in the UK.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
TESI FIN-pdfa.pdf
Open Access dal 20/02/2024
Dimensione
680.01 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
680.01 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/3741