Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early onset neurologic-based developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and the presence of narrow interests and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours associated with a wide range of psychiatric symptoms that can vary in severity from person to person. Regardless of the etiology, autism is a disorder affecting learning and social relationships and has obvious implications in the school environment. With the increasing prevalence of ASD, it makes sense that school nurses know how to approach affected children and integrate them into special and individualized school programs. Target. Define the main methods that the school nurse can implement for the optimal management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted by consulting the MEDLINE database, through PubMed, to investigate the nursing management of children with autism in the school setting. Results. From the analysis of the selected articles, several fundamental points emerged to be taken into consideration in the management of a child with ASD: prevention and health education, screening methodologies and diagnostic tools, development of an Individual Health Plan, behavioural management and co-morbid disorders, effective collaboration and communication between professionals, family assistance. Discussion and conclusion. The school nurse must be aware of a complex and variable disorder such as ASD, and consequently take part in the assessment, planning and multidimensional assessment of the needs of the affected child. Thanks also to a common communication and sharing of objectives between the various professionals and parents and to adequate family support, the school nurse can allow children with autism spectrum disorders to develop optimally even in an educational context.
Background. Il Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico (ASD) è un disturbo dello sviluppo su base neurologica a insorgenza precoce, caratterizzato da difficoltà nell’interazione e comunicazione sociale e dalla presenza di interessi ristretti e comportamenti ripetitivi e stereotipati, associati ad un'ampia gamma di sintomi psichiatrici che possono variare di gravità da persona a persona. Indipendentemente dall'eziologia, l'autismo è un disturbo che colpisce apprendimento e relazioni sociali e ha ovvie implicazioni per l’ambiente scolastico. Con la crescente prevalenza di ASD, ha senso che gli infermieri scolastici sappiano come approcciarsi ai bambini affetti, integrandoli in programmi scolastici speciali ed individualizzati. Obiettivo. Definire le principali metodiche che l’infermiere scolastico può attuare per la gestione ottimale del bambino con disturbi dello spettro autistico. Materiali e metodi. È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura consultando la banca dati MEDLINE, attraverso PubMed, per andare ad indagare la gestione infermieristica del bambino con autismo in ambito scolastico. Risultati. Dall’analisi degli articoli selezionati sono emersi diversi punti fondamentali da tenere in considerazione nella gestione di un bambino con ASD: prevenzione ed educazione sanitaria, metodologie di screening e strumenti diagnostici, sviluppo di un Piano Sanitario Individuale, gestione comportamentale e dei disturbi di comorbilità, collaborazione e comunicazione efficace tra i professionisti, assistenza familiare. Discussione e conclusione. L’infermiere scolastico deve essere consapevole di un disturbo complesso e variabile quale l’ASD, e di conseguenza prendere parte ad accertamento, pianificazione e valutazione multidimensionale dei bisogni del bambino affetto. Grazie anche ad una comunicazione e condivisione comune degli obiettivi tra i vari professionisti e i genitori e ad un adeguato supporto familiare, l’infermiere scolastico può consentire al bambino con disturbi dello spettro autistico uno sviluppo ottimale anche in un contesto educativo.
Il ruolo dell’infermiere scolastico nell’approccio al bambino con Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico. Revisione della letteratura.
VIOZZI, FRANCESCA
2019/2020
Abstract
Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early onset neurologic-based developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and the presence of narrow interests and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours associated with a wide range of psychiatric symptoms that can vary in severity from person to person. Regardless of the etiology, autism is a disorder affecting learning and social relationships and has obvious implications in the school environment. With the increasing prevalence of ASD, it makes sense that school nurses know how to approach affected children and integrate them into special and individualized school programs. Target. Define the main methods that the school nurse can implement for the optimal management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted by consulting the MEDLINE database, through PubMed, to investigate the nursing management of children with autism in the school setting. Results. From the analysis of the selected articles, several fundamental points emerged to be taken into consideration in the management of a child with ASD: prevention and health education, screening methodologies and diagnostic tools, development of an Individual Health Plan, behavioural management and co-morbid disorders, effective collaboration and communication between professionals, family assistance. Discussion and conclusion. The school nurse must be aware of a complex and variable disorder such as ASD, and consequently take part in the assessment, planning and multidimensional assessment of the needs of the affected child. Thanks also to a common communication and sharing of objectives between the various professionals and parents and to adequate family support, the school nurse can allow children with autism spectrum disorders to develop optimally even in an educational context.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/3753