Xylella fastidiosa is a phenomenon in vogue nowadays, it is a bacterium capable of inducing heavy alterations to the host plant, often with lethal consequences. Because of this bacterium olive trees, an integral part of our territory, are in danger. I have always found the world of the countryside fascinating just as I find the cultivation of any type of land product fascinating. With the help of my speaker, prof. Staffolani, I chose this theme due to the fact that my family also has a small piece of land in which olive trees are present, in fact the oil on my table comes from those olive trees, from our own small and private production, thanks to which we transform into green gold the fruits that those noble plants offer us every year. The discussion will concentrate on the focus of the object of study, mainly analyzing the Italian social and economic context, identifying the territorial specificities. In this context, the issue of the Mezzogiorno is of particular importance, where ancient agricultural tradition is still synonymous with the quality and guarantee of raw materials which are placed at the top levels of international trade. It is important to quantify the damage done to this sector, nowadays considered the skeleton of the economy of the whole country, in fact the substantial decrease or the zeroing of raw materials can slow down or block not a single company but an entire district made up of small, medium or large entrepreneurial realities, it is necessary, thus, to supply figures, sector data, results, forecasts, trends, prices. Subsequently, after understanding the impact and the economic consequences that derive from it, we can deal with the theme of the "Complex of the rapid desiccation of the olive tree" and try to describe in a comprehensive manner the scenario that brought us to the unstoppable spread of an epidemic that hit the plantations of half of Apulia and that threatens not only the agriculture of Italy but also the European one. Therefore, we go on to describe what has been done over the years to stop or slow down the spread of the disease, measures that, although aimed at stopping the epidemic, are not able to resolve an issue still awaiting a definitive solution, which still seems too far away. A worrying panorama is being defined in which there is no cure and the epidemic is advancing tirelessly on several fronts and the damage caused by this "modern plague" outlines for the landowners an uncertain future with a lack of financial support. In the final analysis, the focus is on that part of Puglia which represents a socio-economic case, such were the damages that affected a very important supply chain that depended on products of the land and today we find only cemeteries of dried-up trunks or burnt and deserted and silent land instead of hectares embellished by millenary branches of olive trees. Estimates of the current situation with reference to Italian olive oil production foresee a great relaunch of the whole sector, with exception to the areas affected by the bacterium. My paper provides, in conclusion, two news items that could represent a faint glimmer of hope for the whole sector affected by the terrible epidemic, providing the report of two potential alternative routes to the eradication of trees: the search for bacteria-resistant cultivars and one probable cure for infected plants.
La xylella fastidiosa è un fenomeno in auge al giorno d’oggi, essa è un batterio in grado di indurre pesantissime alterazioni alla pianta ospite, spesso con conseguenze letali. A causa di questo batterio gli ulivi, parte integrante del nostro territorio, risultano essere in pericolo. Ho sempre trovato affascinante il mondo della campagna così come trovo affascinante la coltivazione di qualunque tipo di prodotto della terra. Con l’aiuto del mio relatore, il prof. Staffolani, ho scelto questo tema per il fatto che anche la mia famiglia possiede un piccolo apprezzamento nel quale sono presenti proprio gli ulivi, infatti l’olio presente sulla mia tavola proviene proprio da quegli ulivi, da una piccola e privata produzione propria, grazie alla quale trasformiamo ogni anno in oro verde i frutti che quelle nobili piante ci offrono. La trattazione verterà sulla focalizzazione dell’oggetto di studio, analizzando perlopiù il contesto sociale ed economico italiano, individuando le specificità territoriali. In questo contesto risulta di particolare rilievo la questione del Mezzogiorno, la cui antica tradizione agraria è ancora oggi sinonimo di qualità e di garanzia di materie prime di che si vanno a collocare ai primi livelli del commercio internazionale. E’ importante andare a quantificare il danno arrecato a questo settore, al giorno d’oggi ritenuto scheletro dell’economia di tutto il Paese, infatti la diminuzione sostanziale o l’azzeramento di materia prima può rallentare o bloccare non una singola azienda ma un intero distretto fatto di piccole, medie o grandi realtà imprenditoriali, è necessario, a tale proposito, fornire cifre, dati di settore, risultati, previsioni, andamento, prezzi. Successivamente, dopo aver compreso l’impatto e le conseguenze economiche che ne derivano, si affronta il tema del “Complesso del disseccamento rapido dell’olivo” e si cerca di descrivere in maniera esaustiva lo scenario che ha permesso di arrivare alla diffusione inarrestabile di un’epidemia che ha colpito le piantagioni di mezza Puglia e che minaccia non solo l’agricoltura del Bel Paese ma anche quella europea. Dunque, si va a descrivere quello che negli anni è stato fatto per fermare o rallentare la diffusione della malattia delle piante, misure che, per quanto mirate all’arresto dell’epidemia, non sono stante in grado di risolvere una questione ancora in sospeso in attesa di una soluzione definitiva, che sembra ancora troppo lontana. Si viene a definire un panorama preoccupante in cui non esiste una cura e l’epidemia avanza senza sosta verso più fronti e i danni provocati da questa “moderna peste” delineano per i proprietari terrieri un futuro incerto con un mancato sostegno economico. In ultima analisi si porta il focus su quella parte della Puglia che rappresenta un vero e proprio caso socio-economico, tali sono stati i danni che hanno colpito un indotto importantissimo che viveva di prodotti della terra e si ritrova oggi solo dei cimiteri di tronchi rinsecchiti o bruciati e dei terreni desertici e silenziosi invece di ettari abbelliti dalle fronde millenarie degli ulivi. Le stime dell’attuale situazione in riferimento alla produzione olivicolo-olearia italiana prevedono un grande rilancio di tutto il comparto, eccetto quello delle zone colpite dal batterio. Il mio elaborato prevede, in conclusione, due notizie che potrebbero rappresentare un fioco barlume di speranza per tutto il settore colpito dalla terribile epidemia, fornendo il resoconto di due potenziali percorsi alternativi all’eradicazione degli alberi: la ricerca di cultivar resistenti al batterio e una probabile cura per la pianta infetta.
Xylella fastidiosa - Cronaca, analisi e considerazioni sul batterio killer degli ulivi
SAVINO, ELEONORA DOMINIQUE
2019/2020
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a phenomenon in vogue nowadays, it is a bacterium capable of inducing heavy alterations to the host plant, often with lethal consequences. Because of this bacterium olive trees, an integral part of our territory, are in danger. I have always found the world of the countryside fascinating just as I find the cultivation of any type of land product fascinating. With the help of my speaker, prof. Staffolani, I chose this theme due to the fact that my family also has a small piece of land in which olive trees are present, in fact the oil on my table comes from those olive trees, from our own small and private production, thanks to which we transform into green gold the fruits that those noble plants offer us every year. The discussion will concentrate on the focus of the object of study, mainly analyzing the Italian social and economic context, identifying the territorial specificities. In this context, the issue of the Mezzogiorno is of particular importance, where ancient agricultural tradition is still synonymous with the quality and guarantee of raw materials which are placed at the top levels of international trade. It is important to quantify the damage done to this sector, nowadays considered the skeleton of the economy of the whole country, in fact the substantial decrease or the zeroing of raw materials can slow down or block not a single company but an entire district made up of small, medium or large entrepreneurial realities, it is necessary, thus, to supply figures, sector data, results, forecasts, trends, prices. Subsequently, after understanding the impact and the economic consequences that derive from it, we can deal with the theme of the "Complex of the rapid desiccation of the olive tree" and try to describe in a comprehensive manner the scenario that brought us to the unstoppable spread of an epidemic that hit the plantations of half of Apulia and that threatens not only the agriculture of Italy but also the European one. Therefore, we go on to describe what has been done over the years to stop or slow down the spread of the disease, measures that, although aimed at stopping the epidemic, are not able to resolve an issue still awaiting a definitive solution, which still seems too far away. A worrying panorama is being defined in which there is no cure and the epidemic is advancing tirelessly on several fronts and the damage caused by this "modern plague" outlines for the landowners an uncertain future with a lack of financial support. In the final analysis, the focus is on that part of Puglia which represents a socio-economic case, such were the damages that affected a very important supply chain that depended on products of the land and today we find only cemeteries of dried-up trunks or burnt and deserted and silent land instead of hectares embellished by millenary branches of olive trees. Estimates of the current situation with reference to Italian olive oil production foresee a great relaunch of the whole sector, with exception to the areas affected by the bacterium. My paper provides, in conclusion, two news items that could represent a faint glimmer of hope for the whole sector affected by the terrible epidemic, providing the report of two potential alternative routes to the eradication of trees: the search for bacteria-resistant cultivars and one probable cure for infected plants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/3816