Infectious diseases have represented and represent today an important cause of mortality. The introduction of antimicrobial agents into therapy has revolutionized medicine with the morbidity and mortality rates managed by bacterial diseases. Shortly after the introduction of antibiotic therapies, the development of resistant bacterial strains is observed. Bacteria are very simple agents, they are able to multiply in a short time and demonstrate a great capacity for reaction to therapies and therefore for resistance. Whenever a bacterium has changed a resistance, antibiotic therapy is changed until there are increasingly serious infections with no therapeutic choices. The antibiotic resistance is therefore a complex phenomenon and represents a public health problem, it can be described by various factors as incorrect antibiotics, the early interruption of treatment with the possibility for the bacteria to improve the mechanisms of resistance to the molecule at the which are exposed. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacterial agents capable of serious and lethal infections in humans. With the discovery of Penicillin it was possible to treat this bacterium, but we have witnessed the development of resistance mechanisms that have had to survive therapies with beta-lactams such as Methicillin, with the representation of Methicillin-protected Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) , the subsequent diffusion both in the healthcare sector (HA-MRSA) and in the community context (CA-MRSA). The aim of the thesis is the state of testing these MRSA strains against a new fifth generation Cephalosporin, Ceftarolina, to identify resistant-intermediate strains and to identify their resistance mechanisms.
Le malattie infettive hanno rappresentato e rappresentano oggi una importante causa di mortalità. L’introduzione in terapia di agenti antimicrobici ha rivoluzionato la medicina riducendo i tassi di morbilità e di mortalità causati da patologie batteriche. Poco tempo dopo l’introduzione delle terapie antibiotiche si è osservato lo sviluppo di ceppi batterici resistenti. I batteri sono organismi molto semplici, riescono a moltiplicarsi in poco tempo e dimostrano una grande capacità di reagire alle terapie e quindi di sviluppare resistenza. Ogni volta che un batterio sviluppa una resistenza si va a modificare la terapia antibiotica fino ad avere infezioni sempre più gravi con assenza di scelte terapeutiche. L’antibiotico resistenza è quindi un fenomeno complesso e rappresenta un problema di Sanità Pubblica, può essere determinata da molteplici fattori come l’utilizzo non corretto di antibiotici, l’interruzione precoce del trattamento con possibilità per i batteri di perfezionare i meccanismi di resistenza alla molecola alla quale sono esposti. Lo Staphylococcus aureus è uno degli agenti batterici in grado di causare infezioni gravi e letali nell’uomo. Con la scoperta della Penicillina è stato possibile trattare questo batterio, ma successivamente si è assistito allo sviluppo di meccanismi di resistenza che gli hanno consentito di sopravvivere alle terapie con i beta-lattamici come la Meticillina, con la comparsa dello Staphylococcus aureus Meticillino-resistente (MRSA), la successiva diffusione sia in ambito nosocomiale (HA-MRSA) e in ambito comunitario (CA-MRSA). Lo scopo della tesi è stato quello di testare questi ceppi MRSA nei confronti di una nuova Cefalosporina di quinta generazione, la Ceftarolina, di individuare i ceppi resistenti-intermedi e di identificarne i meccanismi di resistenza.
Staphylococcus aureus Meticillino-resistente e Ceftarolina: sorveglianza e caratterizzazione dei meccanismi di resistenza in isolati clinici
SALARI, FEDERICA
2019/2020
Abstract
Infectious diseases have represented and represent today an important cause of mortality. The introduction of antimicrobial agents into therapy has revolutionized medicine with the morbidity and mortality rates managed by bacterial diseases. Shortly after the introduction of antibiotic therapies, the development of resistant bacterial strains is observed. Bacteria are very simple agents, they are able to multiply in a short time and demonstrate a great capacity for reaction to therapies and therefore for resistance. Whenever a bacterium has changed a resistance, antibiotic therapy is changed until there are increasingly serious infections with no therapeutic choices. The antibiotic resistance is therefore a complex phenomenon and represents a public health problem, it can be described by various factors as incorrect antibiotics, the early interruption of treatment with the possibility for the bacteria to improve the mechanisms of resistance to the molecule at the which are exposed. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacterial agents capable of serious and lethal infections in humans. With the discovery of Penicillin it was possible to treat this bacterium, but we have witnessed the development of resistance mechanisms that have had to survive therapies with beta-lactams such as Methicillin, with the representation of Methicillin-protected Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) , the subsequent diffusion both in the healthcare sector (HA-MRSA) and in the community context (CA-MRSA). The aim of the thesis is the state of testing these MRSA strains against a new fifth generation Cephalosporin, Ceftarolina, to identify resistant-intermediate strains and to identify their resistance mechanisms.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/4033