This thesis try to analyse an extraordinary difficult and ample argument that are intrinsic motivations, the contexts in which them occur and the conditions that enhance or diminish them. The attempt to understand what push people to perform an action or not, prefer a task rather than another, the impact of extrinsic rewards such as pecuniary payments, to individuals’ attitude is fascinating. This kind of reasoning do not involve just an economical thinking but also some references to psychology in order to deal with an extreme intricate argument like human behavior. Trying to figure out where motivations are collocated in the economic literature and how their investigation is different to the one done by the psychological literature is a major concern of the dissertation. More precisely, the focus is directed to pro-social motivations, a specific kind of intrinsic motivation that are intended to benefit other individuals. The choice of analyse this kind of motivation that regard minding about other is driven by the historical period we are going through. Covid-19 emergency should have taught us how taking care about other people safety, means also taking care about our well-being. The importance of collaborating and stick together with other people to reach a bigger scope like the environmental change or to put an end to racial discriminations is a highly topical issue. Particular attention is addressed to the so-called, motivational crowding-out theory and its functioning, contraposed to the more conventional price effect implicit by classical economics backgrounds. The crowding-out effect, conversely to the price effect, imply a reduction in effort or in the performance of a task due to the introduction of extrinsic interventions. Further interest is devoted to environmental morale; it goes without saying how this topic is significant and actual nowadays. Environmental morale, in fact, represents the perfect example of pro-social motivation with lot of empirical evidences about motivational crowding-out in contexts involving environmental decisions.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di provare ad analizzare un argomento straordinariamente ampio e complesso come quello delle motivazioni intrinseche. Di rilevante interesse sono i contesti nel quale quest’ultime si manifestano e le condizioni che portano ad un loro incremento o affievolimento. E’ affascinante provare a capire cosa spinge un individuo ad eseguire un’azione o meno, preferire una attività ad un’altra e come interventi estrinseci, ad esempio i pagamenti pecuniari, influenzano il comportamento umano. Questo tipo di ragionamento non si basa soltanto su un pensiero di tipo economico, ma fa anche rifermento alla psicologia sociale al fine di affrontare un argomento estremamente complicato come il comportamento umano. Più precisamente il focus è diretto alle motivazioni pro-sociali, una specifica tipologia di motivazioni che sono destinate al beneficio di altre persone. La scelta di analizzare questo tipo di motivazioni, che riguardano il benessere altrui, è dovuta al periodo storico che stiamo attraversando. L’emergenza Covid-19 dovrebbe averci insegnato quanto tener conto della sicurezza delle altre persone significa prendersi cura anche del proprio benessere. L’importanza di collaborare e stare uniti a livello sociale con altre persone per raggiungere obiettivi più grandi quale il cambiamento climatico o porre fine alle discriminazioni razziali di qualsiasi tipo, sono tematiche strettamente attuali. Particolare attenzione è rivolta alla cosiddetta motivational crowding-out theory e sul suo funzionamento, contrapposto al più convenzionale price effect implicito nell’economia neoclassica. Il crowding-out effect, a differenza del price effect, implica una riduzione nell’impegno o nello svolgimento di una attività da parte di un individuo dovuta all’inserimento di interventi estrinseci. Ulteriore interesse è rivolto all’environmental morale. L’environmental morale rappresenta il perfetto esempio di motivazione pro-sociale con numerosi esempi empirici riguardanti il motivational crowding-out in contesti riguardanti decisioni di tipo ambientale.
Pro-social motivations and crowding-out effect
GASPARETTI, MICHELE
2019/2020
Abstract
This thesis try to analyse an extraordinary difficult and ample argument that are intrinsic motivations, the contexts in which them occur and the conditions that enhance or diminish them. The attempt to understand what push people to perform an action or not, prefer a task rather than another, the impact of extrinsic rewards such as pecuniary payments, to individuals’ attitude is fascinating. This kind of reasoning do not involve just an economical thinking but also some references to psychology in order to deal with an extreme intricate argument like human behavior. Trying to figure out where motivations are collocated in the economic literature and how their investigation is different to the one done by the psychological literature is a major concern of the dissertation. More precisely, the focus is directed to pro-social motivations, a specific kind of intrinsic motivation that are intended to benefit other individuals. The choice of analyse this kind of motivation that regard minding about other is driven by the historical period we are going through. Covid-19 emergency should have taught us how taking care about other people safety, means also taking care about our well-being. The importance of collaborating and stick together with other people to reach a bigger scope like the environmental change or to put an end to racial discriminations is a highly topical issue. Particular attention is addressed to the so-called, motivational crowding-out theory and its functioning, contraposed to the more conventional price effect implicit by classical economics backgrounds. The crowding-out effect, conversely to the price effect, imply a reduction in effort or in the performance of a task due to the introduction of extrinsic interventions. Further interest is devoted to environmental morale; it goes without saying how this topic is significant and actual nowadays. Environmental morale, in fact, represents the perfect example of pro-social motivation with lot of empirical evidences about motivational crowding-out in contexts involving environmental decisions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi Gasparetti Michele (1087984) Laurea Magistrale in International Economics and Commerce corso Business Organization and Strategy
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/4723