Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disease characterized by an intestinal inflammation recurrent. Such group includes Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and those unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U). IBD cases beginning in pediatric age are gradually increasing all over the world. Even though the etiology of these pathologies is not fully known, it is clear that among the environmental factors contributing to increased inflammation and alteration of intestinal barrier function, diet plays a fundamental role. The rapid spread of a “westernised” diet, which includes high fat and protein intakes, low consumption of fruit, vegetables and fibers, and an increased use of artificial food additives, appears to be one of the risk factors in the onset of such diseases. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet characterized by a greater consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grain, seeds, extra virgin olive oil, and fiber seems to have positive effects on the pathology. Therefore, the multicenter study NutrIBD assessed dietary habits, nutritional status, the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the risk to develop eating disorders in 110 children with IBD and in 110 people of equal age and sex in health. The study revealed that the daily energy intake of children with IBD is lower than the controls and the intake levels of the Italian population (RDA). In particular, in those children with IBD, the fat and protein intake appeared to be lower from controls; with regard to crabs intake instead, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Also all major micronutrients intake turned out to be lower in the IBD subjects. In general, in both groups the study revealed minor intakes of all minerals and vitamins, compared to reported intake levels of the Italian population (RDA). Investigating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the KIDMED Test showed that the majority of both patients with IBD and control patients have a medium adherence to the MedDiet. The tests carried out to assess the risks of eating disorders instead (Ch-EAT26 and EAT26), revealed that only a small percentage of subjects in both groups is at risk. This data is in accordance with literature, which does not show significant evidence about the risk of developing eating disorders in children with IBD.
Le Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali (IBD) sono un gruppo di patologie croniche caratterizzate da un’infiammazione intestinale recidivante comprendenti la malattia di Crohn (CD), la rettocolite ulcerosa (UC) e le IBD non classificate (IBD-U). I casi di IBD con esordio in età pediatrica sono in graduale aumento in tutto il mondo e sebbene l’eziologia di queste patologie non sia completamente nota, è chiaro che, tra i fattori ambientali che concorrono all’aumento dell’infiammazione e all’alterazione della funzionalità di barriera intestinale, la dieta gioca un ruolo fondamentale. La diffusione sempre maggiore di una dieta “occidentalizzata” caratterizzata da elevati apporti in grassi e proteine, da bassi consumi di frutta, verdura e fibre e da un aumentato utilizzo di additivi alimentari artificiali sembra essere uno dei fattori di rischio nell’insorgenza di tali patologie. Per contro, la Dieta Mediterranea, caratterizzata da un maggior consumo di frutta, verdura, legumi, cereali integrali, semi, olio extravergine di oliva e fibra, sembra avere effetti positivi sulla patologia. Lo studio multicentrico NutrIBD ha valutato pertanto le abitudini alimentari, lo stato nutrizionale, l’aderenza alla Dieta Mediterranea e il rischio di sviluppare disturbi del comportamento alimentare in 110 soggetti con IBD e in 110 soggetti di pari età e sesso in salute. Dallo studio è emerso che l’intake energetico giornaliero dei bambini con IBD è minore rispetto ai controlli e anche rispetto ai livelli di assunzione riferiti alla popolazione italiana (LARN). In particolare, l’intake di proteine e grassi è risultato minore nei bambini con IBD rispetto ai controlli, mentre per quanto riguarda l’intake di carboidrati non sono emerse differenze significative tra i due gruppi. Anche l’introito di tutti i principali micronutrienti è risultato essere minore nei soggetti IBD rispetto ai controlli e in generale in entrambi i gruppi lo studio ha mostrato apporti minori di tutti i minerali e vitamine rispetto ai livelli di assunzione riferiti alla popolazione italiana (LARN). Indagando l’aderenza alla Dieta Mediterranea attraverso il KIDMED Test, è emerso che, sia nei pazienti con IBD che nei pazienti controllo, la maggior parte dei soggetti ha un’aderenza media alla MedDiet, mentre i test effettuati per valutare i rischi di disturbo del comportamento alimentare (Ch-EAT26 e EAT26) hanno messo alla luce che soltanto una piccola percentuale di soggetti, in entrambi i gruppi, risulta essere a rischio. Questo dato è in accordo con la letteratura, che non mostra significative evidenze circa il rischio di sviluppare disturbi del comportamento alimentare nei bambini con IBD.
ABITUDINI ALIMENTARI, STATO DI NUTRIZIONE E ALTERAZIONI DEL COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTARE IN SOGGETTI PEDIATRICI AFFETTI DA MALATTIA INFIAMMATORIA CRONICA INTESTINALE : RISULTATI DEL PROGETTO MULTICENTRICO NUTRIBD
VENTURINI, CARLOTTA
2019/2020
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disease characterized by an intestinal inflammation recurrent. Such group includes Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and those unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U). IBD cases beginning in pediatric age are gradually increasing all over the world. Even though the etiology of these pathologies is not fully known, it is clear that among the environmental factors contributing to increased inflammation and alteration of intestinal barrier function, diet plays a fundamental role. The rapid spread of a “westernised” diet, which includes high fat and protein intakes, low consumption of fruit, vegetables and fibers, and an increased use of artificial food additives, appears to be one of the risk factors in the onset of such diseases. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet characterized by a greater consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grain, seeds, extra virgin olive oil, and fiber seems to have positive effects on the pathology. Therefore, the multicenter study NutrIBD assessed dietary habits, nutritional status, the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the risk to develop eating disorders in 110 children with IBD and in 110 people of equal age and sex in health. The study revealed that the daily energy intake of children with IBD is lower than the controls and the intake levels of the Italian population (RDA). In particular, in those children with IBD, the fat and protein intake appeared to be lower from controls; with regard to crabs intake instead, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Also all major micronutrients intake turned out to be lower in the IBD subjects. In general, in both groups the study revealed minor intakes of all minerals and vitamins, compared to reported intake levels of the Italian population (RDA). Investigating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the KIDMED Test showed that the majority of both patients with IBD and control patients have a medium adherence to the MedDiet. The tests carried out to assess the risks of eating disorders instead (Ch-EAT26 and EAT26), revealed that only a small percentage of subjects in both groups is at risk. This data is in accordance with literature, which does not show significant evidence about the risk of developing eating disorders in children with IBD.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/4767