Introduction: With the frequent growth of disasters at the global level, the figure of the disaster nursing, the emergency nurse, a figure that requires basic and advanced skills, is born in the literature. This figure requires first of all the basic skills valid to guarantee assistance to each individual and to the population, According to international studies in the literature there are gaps in knowledge in the preparation of students and nurses in the field of maxi emergency, since a sudden event that causes enormous damage to the entire community is often unpredictable and takes the health system by surprise, so there is a need to make the issue more predictable through preparation in order to be ready for any eventuality. Objective: to identify, within basic and post basic training, a framework of reference "disaster nursing core competencies", on which to base a training path for nurses, in the field of disaster medicine, aimed at the acquisition of basic and advanced skills. Materials and methods: a literature review based on primary and secondary studies has been carried out, the databases used are pubmed, cinhal, and google scholar, the model (Pico) has been used to develop the question and a systematic research typology ''articles inclusions exclusions Prism Statement'' has been used. Results: 10 studies were found, including 3 systematic reviews, 1 survey with transversal research methodology, 1 case study with self-administered questionnaire, 1 case study with introduction and model simulation, and 5 reviews of the literature, in the end 7 studies show the problems inherent to the preparation while 1 case study and 2 reviews of the literature show possible solutions. Discussion: The topics discussed are the model of ''Jennings Sanders'' and ''Icn framework of disaster nursing competencies'', all the way we suggest further studies on the proof of effectiveness of the Icn framework of disaster nursing, while the model of Jennings introduced in the United States meets the research requirements but only as an example of university education in planning also has been of great help to develop the curriculum in American students, as if compared in Italy to date there is no evidence in the literature in the introduction of disaster planning models in university programmes, it is therefore suggested to introduce a planning model and the Icn framework to test future developments. Conclusions: Disaster nursing in Italy is represented by the hospital disaster manager with the requirements of Master 2 level, this figure requires basic and advanced skills, all the while it is important to emphasize that we should not exclude the generalist nurse because in emergency situations is a great resource and should be valued, Through the problems inherent in this area, the training gap from the origins in pre and post university preparation has been sought, as it is necessary to assess well whether a generalist nurse is prepared or not in crisis situations regardless of the required title, since studies suggest that the ''disaster nursing'' can be the generalist nurse only if it is adequately trained and meets all the requirements to treat an emergency. Key words: disaster preparedness,disaster nursing,core competencies,disaster medicine.
Introduzione: con la frequente crescita dei disastri al livello globale nasce in letteratura la figura del disaster nursing, l’infermiere di emergenza, una figura che richiede competenze di base e avanzate, tutta via questa figura richiede in primis delle competenze di base valide per garantire un’ assistenza ad ogni singolo individuo e alla popolazione, secondo gli studi internazionali presenti in letteratura si mostrano lacune di conoscenza nella preparazione degli studenti e infermieri in materia di maxi emergenza, poiché un evento improvviso che causa un danno di enorme portata all’intera comunità è spesso imprevedibile e coglie il sistema sanitario di sorpresa, quindi vi è la necessità di rendere la questione più prevedibile attraverso una preparazione per poter essere pronti ad ogni evenienza. Obiettivo:individuare, nell’ambito della formazione di base e post base, un quadro di riferimento “disaster nursing core competencies”, su cui basarsi, per orientare un percorso formativo per infermieri, nell’ambito della medicina dei disastri, finalizzato all’acquisizione di competenze base e avanzate. Materiali e metodi: è stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura basata su studi primari e secondari, le banche dati utilizzate sono pubmed, cinhal, e google scholar, si è utilizzato il modello (Pico) per sviluppare il quesito e utilizzata una tipologia di ricerca sistematica ‘’articoli inclusioni esclusioni Prisma Statement’’. Risultati: sono stati reperiti 10 studi, tra cui 3 revisioni sistematiche,1 survey con metodologia di ricerca trasversale,1 caso studio con questionario autosomministrato,1 caso studio con introduzione e simulazione modello, e 5 revisioni della letteratura, in fine 7 studi mostrano le problematiche inerenti alla preparazione mentre 1 caso studio e 2 revisioni della letteratura mostrano le possibili soluzioni. Discussione: Gli argomenti discussi sono il modello di ‘’Jennings Sanders’’ e ‘’Icn framework of disaster nursing competencies’’,tutta via si suggeriscono ulteriori studi sulla prova di efficacia dell’Icn framework of disaster nursing,mentre per il modello di Jennings introdotto negli Stati Uniti rispetta i requisiti di ricerca ma solo come esempio di formazione universitaria in materia di pianificazione inoltre è stato di grande aiuto per sviluppare il curriculum formativo negli studenti americani, in quanto se paragonato in Italia fino ad oggi non vi è nessuna prova in letteratura nell’ introduzione ai modelli di pianificazione in caso di calamità nei programmi universitari,si suggerisce quindi di introdurre un modello di pianificazione e il quadro Icn framework per testarne i futuri sviluppi. Conclusioni:Il disaster nursing in Italia è rappresentato dall’hospital disaster manager con i requisiti di master 2 livello,questa figura richiede competenze di base e avanzate,tutta via è importante evidenziare che non bisogna escludere l’infermiere generalista in quanto in situazioni di emergenza rappresenta una grande risorsa ed è bene valorizzarlo,attraverso le problematiche inerenti in questo ambito si è ricercato il gap formativo dalle origini in pre e post preparazione universitaria,in quanto bisogna valutare bene se un infermiere generalista è preparato o no in situazioni di crisi indipendentemente dal titolo richiesto,poiché gli studi suggeriscono che il ‘’disaster nursing’’ può essere l’infermiere generalista solo se viene formato adeguatamente e rispetta tutti i requisiti per trattare un emergenza. Parole chiave: disaster preparedness,disaster nursing,core competencies, medicina dei disastri.
Il disaster nursing nelle maxiemergenze: revisione della letteratura
DI MAURO, GIACOMO
2018/2019
Abstract
Introduction: With the frequent growth of disasters at the global level, the figure of the disaster nursing, the emergency nurse, a figure that requires basic and advanced skills, is born in the literature. This figure requires first of all the basic skills valid to guarantee assistance to each individual and to the population, According to international studies in the literature there are gaps in knowledge in the preparation of students and nurses in the field of maxi emergency, since a sudden event that causes enormous damage to the entire community is often unpredictable and takes the health system by surprise, so there is a need to make the issue more predictable through preparation in order to be ready for any eventuality. Objective: to identify, within basic and post basic training, a framework of reference "disaster nursing core competencies", on which to base a training path for nurses, in the field of disaster medicine, aimed at the acquisition of basic and advanced skills. Materials and methods: a literature review based on primary and secondary studies has been carried out, the databases used are pubmed, cinhal, and google scholar, the model (Pico) has been used to develop the question and a systematic research typology ''articles inclusions exclusions Prism Statement'' has been used. Results: 10 studies were found, including 3 systematic reviews, 1 survey with transversal research methodology, 1 case study with self-administered questionnaire, 1 case study with introduction and model simulation, and 5 reviews of the literature, in the end 7 studies show the problems inherent to the preparation while 1 case study and 2 reviews of the literature show possible solutions. Discussion: The topics discussed are the model of ''Jennings Sanders'' and ''Icn framework of disaster nursing competencies'', all the way we suggest further studies on the proof of effectiveness of the Icn framework of disaster nursing, while the model of Jennings introduced in the United States meets the research requirements but only as an example of university education in planning also has been of great help to develop the curriculum in American students, as if compared in Italy to date there is no evidence in the literature in the introduction of disaster planning models in university programmes, it is therefore suggested to introduce a planning model and the Icn framework to test future developments. Conclusions: Disaster nursing in Italy is represented by the hospital disaster manager with the requirements of Master 2 level, this figure requires basic and advanced skills, all the while it is important to emphasize that we should not exclude the generalist nurse because in emergency situations is a great resource and should be valued, Through the problems inherent in this area, the training gap from the origins in pre and post university preparation has been sought, as it is necessary to assess well whether a generalist nurse is prepared or not in crisis situations regardless of the required title, since studies suggest that the ''disaster nursing'' can be the generalist nurse only if it is adequately trained and meets all the requirements to treat an emergency. Key words: disaster preparedness,disaster nursing,core competencies,disaster medicine.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/6283