Background The pandemic that we have been facing is called COVID-19, an infectious disease with high mortality, which has rapidly spread worldwide and passed onto people by air or droplet transmission. The containment measures adopted with the aim of reducing this type of transmission are: hands hygiene, use of surgical mask and social distancing. The latter, in addition to the shortage of the staff and the personal protective equipment, have been creating difficulties in providing continuous care to all patients. Therefore, technologies have been introduced with the aim of ensuring telemedicine and telenursing services that could, in part, deal with this situation managing patients at home. Objective The aim of the research is to test the effectiveness of telenursing and digital technologies in the care area and, consequently, the importance of the nurse's role during the pandemic, where the traditional model of care has been, in part, replaced by virtual services. The ability to maintain a continuity of services to manage patients’ health with COVID-19 or chronic diseases and to try to contain the advance of the virus have been evaluated to test their usefulness. Materials and methods A narrative literature review has been conducted through research among the following databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Trip database, Google Scholar. The keywords that have been entered are: "nurses role", "nurse", "COVID-19", "telenursing", "digital technology", "telemedicine", "telecare", "telehealth", "chronic disease", "continuity of care". Primary and secondary studies related to the years 2020-2021 were included. From the research the selected studies were 26. Conclusion Although it is still a subject of study, most of the gathered evidences recognize the usefulness of virtual services when compliance with social distancing is required, restricting the contacts and avoiding high risk of infection places, such as hospitals. Therefore, it has been recognised the usefulness in containing infections and in the management of patients at home without acute conditions but requiring frequent and continuous care. Although there are many arguments in favor, some limitations have been acknowledged due, in part, to the poor development of this care model and the lack of appropriate practices and protocols which have not been allowed rapid recourse to it, in addiction to limits given by individual, family or social-economical factors of the person.
Background La pandemia che ci siamo trovati ad affrontare ha il nome di COVID-19, una malattia infettiva ad elevata mortalità, che rapidamente si è diffusa a livello mondiale e che si trasmette alle persone via aerea o droplet. Le misure contenitive adottate con lo scopo di ridurre la trasmissione sono: l’igiene della mani, l’utilizzo della mascherina chirurgica e il distanziamento sociale. Quest’ultimo, in aggiunta alla carenza di personale e di dispositivi di protezione individuale, hanno generato difficoltà nell’erogare cure continue a tutti i pazienti. Sono state, quindi, introdotte tecnologie con lo scopo di garantire servizi di telemedicina e telenursing che riuscissero, almeno in parte, a fronteggiare tale situazione gestendo i pazienti a domicilio. Obiettivo L’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di verificare l’efficacia del telenursing e delle tecnologie digitali impiegate in ambito assistenziale e di conseguenza l’importanza del ruolo dell’infermiere in un periodo di pandemia, dove il tradizionale modello di cura è stato, in parte, sostituito da servizi virtuali. A dimostrazione della effettiva utilità o meno di tale modello è stata valutata la capacità di mantenere una continuità dei servizi per gestire la salute dei pazienti con COVID-19 o malattie croniche e cercare di contenere l’avanzata del virus. Materiali e metodi È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura mediante ricerca nei seguenti database: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Trip database, Google Scholar. Le parole chiave che sono state inserite sono “nurses role”, “nurse”, “COVID-19”, “telenursing”, “digital technology”, “telemedicine”, “telecare”, “telehealth”, “chronic disease”, “continuity of care”. Sono stati inclusi studi primari e secondari relativi agli anni 2020-2021. Dalla ricerca gli studi selezionati sono stati 26. Conclusione Sebbene sia un argomento ancora oggetto di studio, la maggior parte delle evidenze raccolte riconosce l’utilità dei servizi virtuali in un periodo in cui è richiesto il rispetto del distanziamento sociale limitando al minimo i contatti e i luoghi ad alto rischio di infezione, come gli ospedali. Quindi è emersa l’utilità nel contenere i contagi e nella gestione dei pazienti a domicilio con condizioni non acute ma che necessitano di cure frequenti e continue. Sebbene ci siano molti argomenti a suo sostegno, sono stati riconosciuti dei limiti dovuti, in parte, alla scarsa evoluzione di tale modello di cura fino ad oggi e quindi all’assenza di adeguate pratiche e protocolli che non hanno consentito di ricorrervi rapidamente, in aggiunta a limiti dati da fattori individuali, familiari o socioeconomici della persona.
Il telenursing ai tempi del Coronavirus: tecnologia e cuore, risorse necessarie per fronteggiare la pandemia
MARINI, FRANCESCA
2020/2021
Abstract
Background The pandemic that we have been facing is called COVID-19, an infectious disease with high mortality, which has rapidly spread worldwide and passed onto people by air or droplet transmission. The containment measures adopted with the aim of reducing this type of transmission are: hands hygiene, use of surgical mask and social distancing. The latter, in addition to the shortage of the staff and the personal protective equipment, have been creating difficulties in providing continuous care to all patients. Therefore, technologies have been introduced with the aim of ensuring telemedicine and telenursing services that could, in part, deal with this situation managing patients at home. Objective The aim of the research is to test the effectiveness of telenursing and digital technologies in the care area and, consequently, the importance of the nurse's role during the pandemic, where the traditional model of care has been, in part, replaced by virtual services. The ability to maintain a continuity of services to manage patients’ health with COVID-19 or chronic diseases and to try to contain the advance of the virus have been evaluated to test their usefulness. Materials and methods A narrative literature review has been conducted through research among the following databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Trip database, Google Scholar. The keywords that have been entered are: "nurses role", "nurse", "COVID-19", "telenursing", "digital technology", "telemedicine", "telecare", "telehealth", "chronic disease", "continuity of care". Primary and secondary studies related to the years 2020-2021 were included. From the research the selected studies were 26. Conclusion Although it is still a subject of study, most of the gathered evidences recognize the usefulness of virtual services when compliance with social distancing is required, restricting the contacts and avoiding high risk of infection places, such as hospitals. Therefore, it has been recognised the usefulness in containing infections and in the management of patients at home without acute conditions but requiring frequent and continuous care. Although there are many arguments in favor, some limitations have been acknowledged due, in part, to the poor development of this care model and the lack of appropriate practices and protocols which have not been allowed rapid recourse to it, in addiction to limits given by individual, family or social-economical factors of the person.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/653