Autologous stem cell transplantation in children with neuroblastoma implies a rather articulated nursing preparation and management regime. The choice to proceed with this type of treatment is very complex and requires a careful analysis of each individual case with all the specific implications. This must be supported by an equally careful evaluation of the assistance necessary for the whole team to take charge of the small patient and his family throughout the whole course, pre-intra and post-transplant. TARGETS The following work was carried out with the aim of identifying the role that the nurse plays both in the global care of the child with neuroblastoma and in the assistance provided during the whole process of autologous stem cell transplantation MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was chosen to achieve the objectives. The scientific papers have been identified on three databases: PubMed and Cinahl, Cochrane. The keywords used are: "Stem cell transplantation", "Autologous stem cell transplantation", "Neuroblastoma", "children", "Patient education", "caregivers' psychologial care", "Nursing". From these, a series of articles deemed relevant based on the four inclusion criteria formulated before proceeding with the search were obtained. RESULTS The analysis of scientific articles made it possible to outline what are the most effective and suitable care practices for a correct management of the child suffering from Neuroblastoma, who will have to undergo a stem cell transplant. We then evaluated the essential information that the small patient and caregivers must receive to prevent the appearance of any infections, especially at the end of the procedure. It was highlighted that in the pre-transplant phase, both the positioning of a central venous access at the femoral level and its correct management by all the health personnel are important, as well as the monitoring of possible complications during administration of Granulokine for the preparation of patient to the future mobilization of stem cells. The patient must then be carefully monitored to prevent the appearance of any toxicity related to the administration of chemotherapy drugs at high doses and extremely histological. The preparation for transplantation concludes with the implementation of an antibiotic, antiepileptic and antiviral prophylaxis. During the procedure it will be necessary to carefully evaluate the appearance of hematuria and of any reactions due to the presence of the "cryoprotective" agent known as Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), present in the infused bags. It was deduced then, from the various articles analyzed, such as the management and prevention of fever, infections and mucositis, that it is fundamental to favor the achievement of optimal outcomes at the end of the procedure CONCLUSIONS Nursing care for the oncohematologic child includes a wide range of aspects, some cognitive-operative, others purely organizational, others still communicative-relational. The nurse has the important task of providing individual and specific assistance to the small patient, suffering from neuroblastoma and subjected to autologous stem cell transplantation, identifying, preventing and managing any complication that may occur during each single transplant phase . It is also the nurse's responsibility to properly educate the child and family to prevent any risk of infection. All with the aim of improving treatment outcomes and allowing an improvement in the prognosis of this disease.
Il trapianto di cellule staminali autologo nel bambino affetto da Neuroblastoma, implica un regime di preparazione e di gestione a livello infermieristico alquanto articolato. La scelta a procedere con questo tipo di trattamento è molto complessa e richiede un’attenta analisi di ogni singolo caso con tutte le implicazioni specifiche. Questa, deve essere supportata da un’altrettanta attenta valutazione dell’assistenza necessaria per la presa in carico del piccolo paziente e della sua famiglia da parte dell’intera equipe durante tutto il percorso, pre-intra e post trapianto. OBIETTIVI Il seguente lavoro è stato effettuato con l’obiettivo di individuare il ruolo che l’infermiere svolge sia nell’assistenza globale al bambino affetto da neuroblastoma sia nell’assistenza erogata durante tutto il processo di trapianto autologo di cellule staminali MATERIALI E METODI Per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi si è scelto di svolgere una revisione della letteratura. Gli articoli scientifici sono stati individuati su tre banche dati: PubMed e Cinahl, Cochrane. Le parole chiave utilizzate sono: “Stem cell transplantation”, “Autologous stem cell transplantation”, “Neuroblastoma”, “children”, “Patient education”, “caregivers’ psychologial care”, “Nursing”. Da quest’ultime sono stati ricavati una serie di articoli ritenuti pertinenti in base ai quattro criteri di inclusione formulati prima di procedere alla ricerca. RISULTATI L’analisi degli articoli scientifici ha consentito di delineare quelle che sono le pratiche assistenziali ritenute più efficaci e idonee per una corretta gestione del bambino affetto da Neuroblastoma, che dovrà essere sottoposto a trapianto di cellule staminali. Si sono poi valutate quelle che sono le informazioni essenziali, che il piccolo paziente e i caregivers devono ricevere per prevenire la comparsa di eventuali infezioni soprattutto al termine della procedura. È stato evidenziato come nella fase pre trapianto, siano importanti sia il posizionamento di un accesso venoso centrale a livello femorale e la sua corretta gestione da parte di tutto il personale sanitario, sia il monitoraggio di eventuali complicanze durante la somministrazione di Granulokine per la preparazione del paziente alla futura mobilizzazione delle cellule staminali. In seguito il paziente dovrà essere attentamente monitorato per prevenire la comparsa di eventuali tossicità correlate alla somministrazione di farmaci chemioterapici ad alte dosi ed estremamente istolesivi. La preparazione al trapianto si conclude poi con l’attuazione di una profilassi antibiotica, antiepilettica e antivirale. Durante la procedura occorrerà valutare attentamente la comparsa di ematuria e di eventuali reazioni dovute alla presenza dell’agente “crioprotettivo” noto con il nome di Dimetilsulfossido (DMSO), presente nelle sacche infuse. Si è dedotto poi, dai vari articoli analizzati, come la gestione e prevenzione di febbre, infezioni e mucositi, sia fondamentale per favorire il raggiungimento di outcomes ottimali al termine della procedura CONCLUSIONI L’assistenza infermieristica al bambino oncoematologico prevede un’ampia gamma di aspetti, alcuni cognitivi-operativi, altri prettamente organizzativi, altri ancora di tipo comunicativo-relazionali. L’infermiere ha l’importante compito di fornire un’assistenza individuale e specifica rivolta al piccolo paziente, affetto da Neuroblastoma e sottoposto a trapianto autologo di cellule staminali, individuando, prevendendo e gestendo ogni eventuale complicanza che può verificarsi durante ogni singola fase del trapianto. È inoltre responsabilità dell’infermiere effettuare una corretta educazione del bambino e della famiglia per prevenire eventuali rischi di infezioni. Il tutto con la finalità di migliorare gli outcomes di cura e consentire un miglioramento della prognosi di tale malattia.
Assistenza infermieristica al bambino con neuroblastoma sottoposto a trapianto autologo di cellule staminali: revisione della letteratura
CAPRIOTTI, BARBARA
2018/2019
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation in children with neuroblastoma implies a rather articulated nursing preparation and management regime. The choice to proceed with this type of treatment is very complex and requires a careful analysis of each individual case with all the specific implications. This must be supported by an equally careful evaluation of the assistance necessary for the whole team to take charge of the small patient and his family throughout the whole course, pre-intra and post-transplant. TARGETS The following work was carried out with the aim of identifying the role that the nurse plays both in the global care of the child with neuroblastoma and in the assistance provided during the whole process of autologous stem cell transplantation MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was chosen to achieve the objectives. The scientific papers have been identified on three databases: PubMed and Cinahl, Cochrane. The keywords used are: "Stem cell transplantation", "Autologous stem cell transplantation", "Neuroblastoma", "children", "Patient education", "caregivers' psychologial care", "Nursing". From these, a series of articles deemed relevant based on the four inclusion criteria formulated before proceeding with the search were obtained. RESULTS The analysis of scientific articles made it possible to outline what are the most effective and suitable care practices for a correct management of the child suffering from Neuroblastoma, who will have to undergo a stem cell transplant. We then evaluated the essential information that the small patient and caregivers must receive to prevent the appearance of any infections, especially at the end of the procedure. It was highlighted that in the pre-transplant phase, both the positioning of a central venous access at the femoral level and its correct management by all the health personnel are important, as well as the monitoring of possible complications during administration of Granulokine for the preparation of patient to the future mobilization of stem cells. The patient must then be carefully monitored to prevent the appearance of any toxicity related to the administration of chemotherapy drugs at high doses and extremely histological. The preparation for transplantation concludes with the implementation of an antibiotic, antiepileptic and antiviral prophylaxis. During the procedure it will be necessary to carefully evaluate the appearance of hematuria and of any reactions due to the presence of the "cryoprotective" agent known as Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), present in the infused bags. It was deduced then, from the various articles analyzed, such as the management and prevention of fever, infections and mucositis, that it is fundamental to favor the achievement of optimal outcomes at the end of the procedure CONCLUSIONS Nursing care for the oncohematologic child includes a wide range of aspects, some cognitive-operative, others purely organizational, others still communicative-relational. The nurse has the important task of providing individual and specific assistance to the small patient, suffering from neuroblastoma and subjected to autologous stem cell transplantation, identifying, preventing and managing any complication that may occur during each single transplant phase . It is also the nurse's responsibility to properly educate the child and family to prevent any risk of infection. All with the aim of improving treatment outcomes and allowing an improvement in the prognosis of this disease.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Barbara Capriotti.pdf
Open Access dal 28/11/2022
Descrizione: L’infermiere ha l’importante compito di fornire un’assistenza individuale e specifica rivolta al piccolo paziente, affetto da Neuroblastoma e sottoposto a trapianto autologo di cellule staminali
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/6715