The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), is a multifunctional species and in the Marche region, plays a key role in the economy of the high hill and mountain territories. Since several decades, there has been a gradual contraction of the surface of the chestnut orchards due to the abandonment of the cultivation and the spread of traditional phytosanitary problems (cortical cancer and ink disease), and emerging diseases (brown rot of the fruits). Recently, a considerable impact on the fruit and wood production of chestnut was caused by diseases such as the chestnut mosaic, which even if reported since several years, continues to be a disease of unknown etiology. By grafting of infected chestnut shoots onto healthy chestnut rootstocks, we tried to demonstrate the transmissibility. More than 50% of grafted plants showed symptoms similar to those observed in the woods. Based on the data available on the genome of a virus present inside chestnut trees with "Ricciarella" symptoms, diagnostic reagents were designed and grafted plants were analyzed. All symptomatic samples, analyzed with Cast5017F / Cast 5498R primers, were found to be infected. Furthermore, from the sequence analysis of specific amplicon it was possible to construct a phylogenetic tree. In the phylogenetic tree, the viral sequences which infected chestnut plants were located within the subgroup 1b of the Badnaviruses species. These data, if on one hand provide an answer respect to the causal agent of the "Ricciarella", on the other hand, open to several questions, to which it is not possible to answer at the moment.
Il castagno europeo (Castanea sativa Mill.), è una specie multifunzionale e nelle Marche, riveste un ruolo chiave nell’economia dei territori alto collinari e montani. Da alcuni decenni si è assistito a una graduale contrazione della superficie dei castagneti da frutto, dovuta all’abbandono colturale di soprassuoli e alla diffusione di problematiche fitosanitarie tradizionali (cancro corticale e mal dell'inchiostro) e malattie emergenti (marciume bruno dei frutti). Recentemente un impatto notevole sul castagno sia da frutto che da legno lo sta rivestendo il mosaico del castagno, che pur essendo stata segnalata ormai da diversi anni, continua ad essere una malattia a eziologia ignota. Nella presente ricerca, è stata effettuata una prova di trasmissione andando a innestare marze infette su portinnesti sani di castagno. Più del 50% delle piante innestate hanno mostrato sintomi simili a quelli osservati in bosco. Sulla base della ricostruzione del genoma di un virus precedentemente identificato in piante con sintomi di “Ricciarella”, sono stati disegnati reagenti diagnostici e sono state analizzate piante innestate con marze infette. Tutti i campioni sintomatici, analizzati con i primer Cast5017F/Cast 5498R, sono risultati infetti. Inoltre, dall’analisi delle sequenze degli ampliconi specifici è stato possibile costruire un albero filogenetico. Le sequenze virali provenienti da piante di castagno si collocano all’interno del sottogruppo 1b dei Badnavirus. Tali risultati, se da un lato forniscono una risposta rispetto all’agente causale della “Ricciarella”, dall’altro ci pongono difronte a numerosi quesiti, a cui al momento non è possibile rispondere, per cui ulteriori approfondimenti sono necessari.
Nuove problematiche fitosanitarie per il castagno
OSMAN, VITTORIO KHIDR
2018/2019
Abstract
The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), is a multifunctional species and in the Marche region, plays a key role in the economy of the high hill and mountain territories. Since several decades, there has been a gradual contraction of the surface of the chestnut orchards due to the abandonment of the cultivation and the spread of traditional phytosanitary problems (cortical cancer and ink disease), and emerging diseases (brown rot of the fruits). Recently, a considerable impact on the fruit and wood production of chestnut was caused by diseases such as the chestnut mosaic, which even if reported since several years, continues to be a disease of unknown etiology. By grafting of infected chestnut shoots onto healthy chestnut rootstocks, we tried to demonstrate the transmissibility. More than 50% of grafted plants showed symptoms similar to those observed in the woods. Based on the data available on the genome of a virus present inside chestnut trees with "Ricciarella" symptoms, diagnostic reagents were designed and grafted plants were analyzed. All symptomatic samples, analyzed with Cast5017F / Cast 5498R primers, were found to be infected. Furthermore, from the sequence analysis of specific amplicon it was possible to construct a phylogenetic tree. In the phylogenetic tree, the viral sequences which infected chestnut plants were located within the subgroup 1b of the Badnaviruses species. These data, if on one hand provide an answer respect to the causal agent of the "Ricciarella", on the other hand, open to several questions, to which it is not possible to answer at the moment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi Osman Vittorio Khidr SFA.pdf
Open Access dal 04/12/2022
Descrizione: Allego Documento PDF/A contenente l'intera tesi definitiva completa di frontespizio, sommario e bibliografia.
Dimensione
3.18 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.18 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/6938