Introduction In the last century there has been a demographic transformation of society that has led to an increase in the elderly population on the one hand, and to the phenomenon of the so-called "epidemiological transition": the reduction of infectious diseases and the increase in non-infectious diseases infectious that mainly affecting old people and which are characterized by chronicity and multifactorial origin. Cerebrovascular disease, with the Ictus Cerebri in particular, is one of these and represents one of the major social and health problems, as a second cause of death and the first cause of disability worldwide. The assistance to these patients is mainly the responsibility of family caregivers who experience new needs linked to the typical disabilities of this pathology and the lack of social and health services. Aim This review aims to summarize the main evidences regarding the support needs of family caregivers of patients affected by Ictus Cerebri. Materials and methods From May to August 2019 a literature search was conducted on the Medline database, through PubMed, to identify main indexed studies that analyzed the support needs of family caregivers of patients affected by stroke. Results Seven studies were included in the review and seven macro needs of family caregivers were identified: the need for information, security, education and training, coordination, support by the NHS, structured programs. Conclusions The support needs of caregivers are many and require specific interventions that can be contextualised to the different conditions that characterize the entire journey of the patient and his/her family over time. The promotion of a support network for patients suffering from stroke and the caregivers who support them in the various phases of the care pathway could help develop their empowerment and improve their quality of life, making the caregivers themselves active and motivated subjects . It is therefore necessary to redefine the formal and informal resources and to promote professionals such as nurse case managers and families with advanced competencies to identify these needs early and direct the subjects towards the most suitable services.
Introduzione Nell’ultimo secolo si è verificata una vera e propria trasformazione demografica della società che ha portato ad un incremento della popolazione anziana da un lato, ed al fenomeno della cosiddetta “transizione epidemiologica”: la riduzione delle malattie infettive e l’incremento di quelle non infettive ma che interessano in prevalenza l’età senile e che sono caratterizzate da cronicità e origine multifattoriale. La malattia cerebrovascolare, con l’Ictus Cerebri in particolare, è una di queste e rappresenta uno dei maggiori problemi socio-sanitari, come seconda causa di morte e prima causa di invalidità a livello mondiale. L’assistenza a tali pazienti è a carico soprattutto dei caregiver familiari che sperimentano nuovi bisogni legati alle disabilità tipiche di questa patologia e alla carenza dei servizi socio-sanitari. Obiettivo La presente revisione integrativa si propone di sintetizzare le principali evidenze in merito ai bisogni di supporto dei caregiver familiari di pazienti affetti dal Ictus Cerebri. Materiali e metodi Da maggio ad agosto 2019 è stata condotta una ricerca bibliografica sulla banca dati Medline, attraverso PubMed, per identificare gli studi primari indicizzati che hanno analizzato i bisogni di supporto dei caregiver familiari di pazienti affetti dal ictus cerebrale. Risultati I sette studi inclusi nella revisione hanno permesso di identificare sette macro bisogni dei caregiver familiari: il bisogno di informazione, di sicurezza, di educazione e addestramento, di coordinamento, di supporto da parte del SSN, di programmi strutturati. Conclusioni I bisogni di supporto dei caregiver sono molteplici e richiedono interventi specifici e contestualizzabili alle diverse condizioni che caratterizzano l’intero percorso del paziente e dei suoi familiari nel tempo. La promozione di una rete di supporto per i pazienti affetti da Ictus e i caregiver che li sostengono nelle varie fasi del percorso di cura, potrebbe contribuire a sviluppare il loro empowerment e migliorare la qualità di vita di entrambi, rendendo gli stessi caregiver soggetti attivi e motivati. Si rende dunque necessario ridefinire le risorse formali e informali e promuovere professionisti come l’infermiere case manager e di famiglia con competenze avanzate per identificare precocemente tali bisogni e indirizzare i soggetti verso i servizi più idonei.
Accertamento infermieristico dei bisogni di supporto dei caregiver familiari che assistono le persone affette da Ictus Cerebri
ALBANESI, MASSIMILIANO
2018/2019
Abstract
Introduction In the last century there has been a demographic transformation of society that has led to an increase in the elderly population on the one hand, and to the phenomenon of the so-called "epidemiological transition": the reduction of infectious diseases and the increase in non-infectious diseases infectious that mainly affecting old people and which are characterized by chronicity and multifactorial origin. Cerebrovascular disease, with the Ictus Cerebri in particular, is one of these and represents one of the major social and health problems, as a second cause of death and the first cause of disability worldwide. The assistance to these patients is mainly the responsibility of family caregivers who experience new needs linked to the typical disabilities of this pathology and the lack of social and health services. Aim This review aims to summarize the main evidences regarding the support needs of family caregivers of patients affected by Ictus Cerebri. Materials and methods From May to August 2019 a literature search was conducted on the Medline database, through PubMed, to identify main indexed studies that analyzed the support needs of family caregivers of patients affected by stroke. Results Seven studies were included in the review and seven macro needs of family caregivers were identified: the need for information, security, education and training, coordination, support by the NHS, structured programs. Conclusions The support needs of caregivers are many and require specific interventions that can be contextualised to the different conditions that characterize the entire journey of the patient and his/her family over time. The promotion of a support network for patients suffering from stroke and the caregivers who support them in the various phases of the care pathway could help develop their empowerment and improve their quality of life, making the caregivers themselves active and motivated subjects . It is therefore necessary to redefine the formal and informal resources and to promote professionals such as nurse case managers and families with advanced competencies to identify these needs early and direct the subjects towards the most suitable services.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/6992