Disaster medicine is the medical specialty that studies the course of action to be carried out in the event of a SOD (Sudden Onset Disasters) where resources available to the population are inadequate to face its complexity. These events can cause serious human, economic and environmental harm in the interested area. This specialty grants programming and organizational tools helpful in reducing the vulnerability of the environment. Every medical-related action in these condition is thus carried out within the context of a preventive study and correct planning. A proper response to a SOD, when working in synergy with intervening non-sanitary technical components, leads to a relatively short total time of action, because the disproportion between necessities and available resources will have been quickly balanced out by complying with the course of action preemptively determined. The raw number of SODs is on the rise. while said events are diverse, both in nature and time of occurence, it still is paramount that participants undergo the accreditation process provided by the WHO. The registered international medical teams have agreed to adopt a standard technical regulation and specific minimum requirements, necessary to constitute a EMT. the WHO accreditation process leads to an understanding of common rules shared by teams from various countries, facilitating problem solving during the response and overall improving coordination. Aiding a foreign country in facing a disaster is demanding; the rapid deployment of adequately equipped medical teams in order to assist victims is required, as well as a high degree of experience and preparation. It should be taken into account, that the most effective and timely response should always be the one mobilized by the affected country, though in the event of inefficiency, only that country can decide to request international aid by enforcing their laws and regulations in order to provide a suitable environment for EMT activities. Teams can also, after consulting the host country, provide services within a functioning national hospital or health-care center, or offer to bring a logistically self-sufficient field structure. Over the years, a number of team classifications have been used. the EMT classification is currently in use, officially adopted in 2017. The teams are divided by type in terms of care level, size and ability to provide fixed services. The services provided by the teams are triage, base medical and surgeon treatment, general treatment of trauma, post-operation assistance, replacement or strengthening of destroyed or ruined local structures and finally, assisting the displaced population. To obtain rapid and effective responses, coordination is essential in all phases of the emergency; this role, consisting of information management and offering connection services, is filled by the EMTCC. At the end of this work, an SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) was defined, consisting of a set of EMT procedures to be carried out throughout all the emergency response phases. Moreover, being the EMT presence tied to the establishment of the EMTCC coordination cell, an SOD formulated for the latter was installed. Finally, SOPs have also been made available in computerized form as a checklist, to facilitate the EMTs work and make this process faster, more intuitive and always available online on link https://sopsemt.weebly.com/ .
La medicina delle catastrofi è la specialità medica che studia le azioni d’intervento da attuare in caso di SOD (evento ad esordio improvviso) nel quale le risorse realmente disponibili della popolazione sono insufficienti per fronteggiarne la complessità. Questi eventi causano gravi danni sia in termini di vite umane sia delle caratteristiche economico-ambientali della zona colpita. Questa specialità offre strumenti di programmazione ed organizzativi utili per ridurre la vulnerabilità dell'ambiente. Ogni azione medica in queste condizioni viene quindi svolta nel contesto di uno studio preventivo e di una corretta pianificazione. La risposta adeguata ad un SOD, quando si lavora in sinergia con tutti i componenti tecnici non sanitari che intervengono, ha un tempo d’azione relativamente breve, poiché la sproporzione tra necessità e risorse disponibili sarà rapidamente compensata osservando il corso d’azione preventivamente determinato. L’incidenza degli eventi, seppur di differente tipologia, sta aumentando; anche se i tempi e la natura dell'assistenza richiesta sono diversi, è indispensabile che coloro che intervengono siano stati sottoposti ad un processo di accreditamento dal WHO. Le squadre mediche internazionali che si sono registrate, hanno accettato di rispettare norme tecniche e requisiti minimi specifici, necessari per costituire un EMT. Il processo di accreditamento del WHO porta alla comprensione di regole comuni condivise da team di vari paesi, facilitando la risoluzione dei problemi durante la risposta e migliorando il coordinamento generale. Aiutare un paese straniero ad affrontare un disastro è impegnativo; viene richiesto il rapido dispiegamento di equipe mediche adeguatamente attrezzate per assistere le vittime, e con un elevato grado di esperienza e preparazione. Va tenuto presente che la risposta più efficace e tempestiva dovrebbe sempre essere quella mobilitata dal paese colpito, inoltre, in caso di inefficienza solo quel paese può decidere di richiedere un aiuto internazionale applicando le proprie leggi e regolamenti al fine di fornire un ambiente adatto alle attività EMT. Le squadre possono anche, dopo aver consultato il paese ospitante, fornire servizi all'interno di un ospedale nazionale o di un centro sanitario funzionante, oppure offrire di portare una struttura di campo logisticamente autosufficiente. Nel corso degli anni sono state utilizzate una serie di classificazioni diverse delle squadre; la classificazione EMT è stata adottata ufficialmente nel 2017 ed è quella attualmente in uso. I team sono divisi per tipologia in termini di livello di assistenza, dimensioni e capacità di fornire servizi fissi. I servizi forniti dalle squadre sono il triage, le cure mediche e chirurgiche di base, il trattamento generale del trauma, l'assistenza post-operatoria, la sostituzione o il rafforzamento delle strutture locali distrutte o in rovina ed infine l'assistenza alla popolazione sfollata. Per ottenere risposte rapide ed efficaci, il coordinamento è essenziale in tutte le fasi dell'emergenza; questo ruolo, consistente nella gestione delle informazioni e nell'offerta di servizi di connessione, è ricoperto dall'EMTCC. Al termine di questo lavoro, è stato definito una SOP (procedura operativa standard) che consiste in una serie di azioni che un EMT deve svolgere durante tutte le fasi di risposta all’emergenza. Inoltre, essendo la presenza della EMT direttamente associata alla costituzione della cellula di coordinamento EMTCC, è stato sviluppato una SOP anche per le funzioni di quest’ultima. Infine, le SOP sono state rese disponibili anche in modalità informatica sottoforma di checklist, per agevolare il lavoro delle EMT e rendere questo processo più veloce, intuitivo e sempre disponibile online al link https://sopsemt.weebly.com/.
REGOLAMENTI E GESTIONE A LIVELLO INTERNAZIONALE PER L'IMPIEGO DELLE SQUADRE SANITARIE DI EMERGENZA (EMTS)
MIATTON, ELENA
2018/2019
Abstract
Disaster medicine is the medical specialty that studies the course of action to be carried out in the event of a SOD (Sudden Onset Disasters) where resources available to the population are inadequate to face its complexity. These events can cause serious human, economic and environmental harm in the interested area. This specialty grants programming and organizational tools helpful in reducing the vulnerability of the environment. Every medical-related action in these condition is thus carried out within the context of a preventive study and correct planning. A proper response to a SOD, when working in synergy with intervening non-sanitary technical components, leads to a relatively short total time of action, because the disproportion between necessities and available resources will have been quickly balanced out by complying with the course of action preemptively determined. The raw number of SODs is on the rise. while said events are diverse, both in nature and time of occurence, it still is paramount that participants undergo the accreditation process provided by the WHO. The registered international medical teams have agreed to adopt a standard technical regulation and specific minimum requirements, necessary to constitute a EMT. the WHO accreditation process leads to an understanding of common rules shared by teams from various countries, facilitating problem solving during the response and overall improving coordination. Aiding a foreign country in facing a disaster is demanding; the rapid deployment of adequately equipped medical teams in order to assist victims is required, as well as a high degree of experience and preparation. It should be taken into account, that the most effective and timely response should always be the one mobilized by the affected country, though in the event of inefficiency, only that country can decide to request international aid by enforcing their laws and regulations in order to provide a suitable environment for EMT activities. Teams can also, after consulting the host country, provide services within a functioning national hospital or health-care center, or offer to bring a logistically self-sufficient field structure. Over the years, a number of team classifications have been used. the EMT classification is currently in use, officially adopted in 2017. The teams are divided by type in terms of care level, size and ability to provide fixed services. The services provided by the teams are triage, base medical and surgeon treatment, general treatment of trauma, post-operation assistance, replacement or strengthening of destroyed or ruined local structures and finally, assisting the displaced population. To obtain rapid and effective responses, coordination is essential in all phases of the emergency; this role, consisting of information management and offering connection services, is filled by the EMTCC. At the end of this work, an SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) was defined, consisting of a set of EMT procedures to be carried out throughout all the emergency response phases. Moreover, being the EMT presence tied to the establishment of the EMTCC coordination cell, an SOD formulated for the latter was installed. Finally, SOPs have also been made available in computerized form as a checklist, to facilitate the EMTs work and make this process faster, more intuitive and always available online on link https://sopsemt.weebly.com/ .File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI LM Miatton Elena.pdf
Open Access dal 24/02/2022
Descrizione: Regolamenti e gestione a livello internazionale per l’impiego delle squadre sanitarie di emergenza (EMTs)
Regulations and management at international level for the employment of Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs)
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1.42 MB
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Adobe PDF
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/7144