Design and development of a measurement system in a prenatal incubator for the assessment of relative humidity and temperature

Every year an estimated of 15 million babies are born preterm worldwide, in which Approximately 1 million children die each year, among which 25% of the deaths are occurs due to preterm birth and complications mostly related to heat and water . Preterm is defined as babies born alive before competition of 37 weeks of successive pregnancy period . It is one of the serious medical problem all over the globe which effect the neonatal mortality and long term morbidity. Due to increasing health services and the exposure to neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU, it became easier to control the decline rate of mortality the advancement in medical equipment, in which incubator is is one of the main equipment which helps in maintaining the adequate survival environment for the preterm neonates, thanks to the invention by Dr. Stephane Tarnier who was the first to develop the prototype model of the infant incubator, he names this device as the baby warmer, the preterm or low-birth-weight baby have undeveloped mechanism of Thermoregulation,as the expose in the mothers womb, the intrauterine environment is much different then the external environment, thus they need,thus, they need a stable environment of stable of 37 °C and a humidity of 100% the model developed by the Tarnier provides so far such environment. Till date there are many more advancement in the discovery of the neonatal incubator including monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and humidity control system. In this study we focus on the development of he parameter that mostly affect the preterm which are the humidity and the temperature. We develop a system which measure the overall distributed humidity and the specific temperature inside the incubator there are many model which explain the distribution of the temperature which also include the infant skin temperature and the incubator environmental temperate but the the monitoring of the continuous humidity distribution is the limitation in our study we focused on measurement and evaluation of the continuous humidity distribution, During the first days of life of premature newborn , the daily evaporative loss from can reach up to 20% of body mass,which can be reduced by increasing the air humidity inside the incubator therefore it is the most important parameter which need to be controlled and maintain.