Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), present in almost 90% of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), cause extensive impairment leading to reduced independence and inability to complete activities of daily living. Though BPSD includes a wide range of symptoms, such as agitation, aggression, disinhibition, anxiety, depression, apathy, delusions, and hallucinations. Certain BPSD in AD co-present and can be clustered into distinct domains based on their frequency of co-occurrence. As these BPSD are so pervasive in any stages of AD, the disease may be better characterized as a disorder of heterogeneous degenerative symptoms across a number of symptom domains, with the most prominent domain comprising memory and cognitive deficits. Importantly, there are no FDA-approved drugs to treat these BPSD, and new approaches must be considered to develop effective treatments for AD patients. The biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin, works as both a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, which has been tied to cognitive decline and multiple BPSD domains. This review summarizes the evidence for specific serotonergic system alterations across some of the well-studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric domains. Though differences in overall serotonergic transmission occur in AD, circuit-specific alterations in individual 5-HT receptors (5- HTRs) are likely linked to the heterogeneous presentation of BPSD in AD.
I sintomi comportamentali e psicologici della demenza (BPSD), presenti in quasi il 90% dei pazienti con malattia di Alzheimer (AD), causano un ampio deterioramento che porta a una ridotta indipendenza e incapacità di completare le attività della vita quotidiana. Anche se i BPSD includono una vasta gamma di sintomi, come agitazione, aggressività, disinibizione, ansia, depressione, apatia, deliri e allucinazioni. Alcuni BPSD in co-presenza di AD possono essere raggruppati in domini distinti in base alla loro frequenza di apparizione. Poichè questi BPSD sono così pervasivi in tutte le fasi dell'AD, la malattia può essere caratterizzata meglio come un disordine di sintomi degenerativi eterogenei attraverso un certo numero di domini del sintomo, con il dominio più prominente che comprende i deficit conoscitivi e di memoria. Importante, non ci sono farmaci approvati dalla FDA per trattare questi BPSD, e nuovi approcci devono essere considerati per sviluppare trattamenti efficaci per i pazienti AD. La monoammina biogenica 5-idrossitriptamina (5-HT), o serotonina, funziona sia come neurotrasmettitore che come neuromodulatore, che è stato legato al declino cognitivo e ai domini BPSD multipli. Questa recensione riassume le prove di specifiche alterazioni del sistema serotoninergico in alcuni dei domini cognitivi, comportamentali e psichiatrici. Sebbene in AD si presentino differenze nella trasmissione serotoninergica, le alterazioni circuito-specifiche nei singoli recettori 5-HT (5-HTR) sono probabilmente collegate alla presentazione eterogenea di BPSD in AD.
Sistema serotoninergico, cognizione e BPSD nel morbo di Alzheimer
BADIALI, CHIARA
2020/2021
Abstract
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), present in almost 90% of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), cause extensive impairment leading to reduced independence and inability to complete activities of daily living. Though BPSD includes a wide range of symptoms, such as agitation, aggression, disinhibition, anxiety, depression, apathy, delusions, and hallucinations. Certain BPSD in AD co-present and can be clustered into distinct domains based on their frequency of co-occurrence. As these BPSD are so pervasive in any stages of AD, the disease may be better characterized as a disorder of heterogeneous degenerative symptoms across a number of symptom domains, with the most prominent domain comprising memory and cognitive deficits. Importantly, there are no FDA-approved drugs to treat these BPSD, and new approaches must be considered to develop effective treatments for AD patients. The biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin, works as both a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, which has been tied to cognitive decline and multiple BPSD domains. This review summarizes the evidence for specific serotonergic system alterations across some of the well-studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric domains. Though differences in overall serotonergic transmission occur in AD, circuit-specific alterations in individual 5-HT receptors (5- HTRs) are likely linked to the heterogeneous presentation of BPSD in AD.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Sistema serotoninergico, cognizione e BPSD nel morbo di Alzheimer
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/7535