The following document was created in order to present and describe two incentive models recently introduced in Italy to promote the energy transition and increase the use of energy produced from renewable sources: groups of renewable energy self-consumers acting collectively and renewable energy communities. These models, based on the collaboration of citizens, small and medium-sized enterprises, public or private entities and commercial activities, represent a completely new scenario, capable of revolutionizing the national electricity system and involving more and more people in the fight against climate change. The birth of these configurations has in fact various purposes, including: - First of all, to generate environmental benefits, capable of reducing emissions of polluting gases and greenhouse gases, responsible for global warming; - Promote the so-called "distributed generation" of energy, trying to make citizens increasingly autonomous and independent from centralized production systems, which still rely heavily on fossil fuels; - Change the management of the electricity network, pushing towards the introduction of sensors and monitoring and communication systems that make it increasingly "smart", which then translates into greater network reliability and better use of energy "green". The study of these two configurations took place during the internship carried out by the undersigned, a student of the Master's Degree course in Mechanical Engineering, at the company BM Impianti of Cartoceto, which has been collaborating for a year with the Università Politecnica delle Marche attended by me. During this experience, thanks to the supervision and support of Engineer Michele Simoncini and Engineer Daniele Cozzolino, I was able not only to understand what renewable energy communities and groups of self-consumers who act collectively are and how they work, but also to learn how a photovoltaic system is made and what are the aspects to take into consideration during its design. After a first part explaining what the energy transition is and why it is so necessary (Chapter 1 and 2) and after having illustrated the main characteristics of a photovoltaic system (Chapter 3), the two incentive configurations described above (Chapter 4) are presented within the report, telling their story from a regulatory point of view and explaining their characteristics in detail. In the remaining chapters are studied the benefits that the application of the configuration of the energy community in the condominium can bring to a condominium specifically considered: after designing the photovoltaic system and estimating its energy production (Chapter 5), the annual earnings and payback times of the investment are assessed (Chapter 6). The paper ends with Chapter 7, in which are made evaluations related to which is the best size with which to build the plant and how the economic benefits have changed from 2020 (year of birth of these incentive systems) to today due to the change in the price of energy.
Il seguente elaborato è stato realizzato al fine di presentare e descrivere due modelli incentivanti recentemente introdotti in Italia per promuovere la transizione energetica e incrementare l’impiego di energia prodotta da fonti rinnovabili: i gruppi di autoconsumatori di energia rinnovabile che agiscono collettivamente e le comunità di energia rinnovabile. Questi modelli, basati sulla collaborazione di cittadini, piccole e medie imprese, enti pubblici o privati e attività commerciali rappresentano uno scenario del tutto nuovo, in grado di rivoluzionare il sistema elettrico nazionale e di coinvolgere sempre più persone nella lotta al cambiamento climatico. La nascita di queste configurazioni ha infatti vari scopi, tra cui: - Primo su tutti, generare benefici ambientali, in grado di ridurre le emissioni di gas inquinanti e di gas a effetto serra, responsabili del riscaldamento globale; - Promuovere la cosiddetta “generazione distribuita” di energia, cercando di rendere i cittadini sempre più autonomi e indipendenti dai sistemi di produzione centralizzata, che si affidano ancora largamente ai combustibili fossili; - Cambiare la gestione della rete elettrica, spingendo verso l’introduzione di sensori e di sistemi di monitoraggio e comunicazione che la rendano sempre più “smart”, il che poi si traduce in una maggiore affidabilità della rete e in un miglior sfruttamento dell’energia “green”. Lo studio di queste due configurazioni è avvenuto durante il tirocinio svolto dal sottoscritto, studente del corso di Laurea Magistrale di Ingegneria Meccanica, presso l’azienda BM Impianti di Cartoceto, che ormai da un anno collabora con l’Università Politecnica delle Marche da me frequentata. Durante quest’esperienza, grazie alla supervisione e al supporto dell’Ingegnere Michele Simoncini e dell’Ingegnere Daniele Cozzolino, ho avuto modo non solo di comprendere e capire cosa siano e come funzionino le comunità di energia rinnovabile e i gruppi di autoconsumatori che agiscono collettivamente, ma anche di apprendere come sia fatto un impianto fotovoltaico e quali siano gli aspetti da tenere in considerazione durante la sua progettazione. Dopo una prima parte in cui viene spiegata cos’è e perché è così necessaria la transizione energetica (Capitolo 1 e 2) e dopo aver illustrato le principali caratteristiche di un impianto fotovoltaico (Capitolo 3), all’interno dell’elaborato vengono presentate le due configurazioni incentivanti sopra descritte (Capitolo 4) raccontando la loro storia dal punto di vista normativo e spiegandone nel dettaglio le caratteristiche. Nei restanti capitoli, invece, vengono studiati i benefici che l’applicazione della configurazione della comunità energetica in ambito condominiale è in grado di portare a un condominio preso appositamente in esame: dopo aver progettato l’impianto fotovoltaico e stimatone la produzione energetica (Capitolo 5) se ne sono valutati i guadagni annui e i tempi di rientro dell’investimento (Capitolo 6). L’elaborato si conclude con il Capitolo 7, in cui si fanno delle valutazioni su quale sia la migliore taglia con cui realizzare l’impianto e come siano cambiati i benefici economici dal 2020 (anno di nascita di questi sistemi incentivanti) ad oggi, a causa della variazione del prezzo dell’energia.
Analisi tecnico - economica di condomini come comunità energetiche
DONINI, SEBASTIANO
2021/2022
Abstract
The following document was created in order to present and describe two incentive models recently introduced in Italy to promote the energy transition and increase the use of energy produced from renewable sources: groups of renewable energy self-consumers acting collectively and renewable energy communities. These models, based on the collaboration of citizens, small and medium-sized enterprises, public or private entities and commercial activities, represent a completely new scenario, capable of revolutionizing the national electricity system and involving more and more people in the fight against climate change. The birth of these configurations has in fact various purposes, including: - First of all, to generate environmental benefits, capable of reducing emissions of polluting gases and greenhouse gases, responsible for global warming; - Promote the so-called "distributed generation" of energy, trying to make citizens increasingly autonomous and independent from centralized production systems, which still rely heavily on fossil fuels; - Change the management of the electricity network, pushing towards the introduction of sensors and monitoring and communication systems that make it increasingly "smart", which then translates into greater network reliability and better use of energy "green". The study of these two configurations took place during the internship carried out by the undersigned, a student of the Master's Degree course in Mechanical Engineering, at the company BM Impianti of Cartoceto, which has been collaborating for a year with the Università Politecnica delle Marche attended by me. During this experience, thanks to the supervision and support of Engineer Michele Simoncini and Engineer Daniele Cozzolino, I was able not only to understand what renewable energy communities and groups of self-consumers who act collectively are and how they work, but also to learn how a photovoltaic system is made and what are the aspects to take into consideration during its design. After a first part explaining what the energy transition is and why it is so necessary (Chapter 1 and 2) and after having illustrated the main characteristics of a photovoltaic system (Chapter 3), the two incentive configurations described above (Chapter 4) are presented within the report, telling their story from a regulatory point of view and explaining their characteristics in detail. In the remaining chapters are studied the benefits that the application of the configuration of the energy community in the condominium can bring to a condominium specifically considered: after designing the photovoltaic system and estimating its energy production (Chapter 5), the annual earnings and payback times of the investment are assessed (Chapter 6). The paper ends with Chapter 7, in which are made evaluations related to which is the best size with which to build the plant and how the economic benefits have changed from 2020 (year of birth of these incentive systems) to today due to the change in the price of energy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi di Laurea Donini Sebastiano S1096431.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/9467