Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), known as Loggerhead Sea turtle, is the most common species of sea turtle in the Mediterranean Sea and its distribution range also includes the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sea turtles have a very complex life cycle and all life stages, including the embryonic development, are threatened by a variety of factors, both natural and anthropic. For this reason, this species was indicated at global scale in the red list of the IUCN (International Union for Conversation of Nature) as vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to characterize the yolk, the only nourishment for embryos during the development process, and liver components, in order to evaluate the yolk absorption at different stages of development. For this reason, 23 unhatched eggs, collected from 5 nests laid during summer 2022 in Marina di Camerota (Campania, Italy) at different times of the reproductive season (beginning, middle and end) were sampled and analysed through SDS page and infrared spectroscopy FTIR. Through Electrophoretic analysis the absorption pattern of the proteins in different embryonic stages was evaluated, showing that in the early stages of development there are high molecular weight proteins that then were hydrolysed into smaller proteins with the advance of development and then internalized by the growing embryo. In the last stages of embryonic development, in both yolk and liver, the remaining proteins are those with low molecular weight that represent a source of energy supporting the embryo post-hatching activities. Finally, through FTIR analysis the macromolecular composition of yolk and liver was evaluated in terms of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Results described that embryos absorb proteins in the early stages of development, while lipids and carbohydrates are absorbed in the later stages. In particular lipids, a very important energy source, are the last components to be internalized from the yolk.
La Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), conosciuta come tartaruga marina comune, è la tartaruga marina più diffusa nel mar Mediterraneo ed il suo areale di distribuzione comprende anche l’oceano Atlantico, Pacifico ed Indiano. Le tartarughe marine hanno un ciclo vitale molto complesso e minacciato da diversi fattori, sia naturali che antropici, in tutte le fasi comprese quelle dello sviluppo embrionale. Per questo, la Caretta caretta è stata indicata come specie vulnerabile a livello mondiale nella lista rossa della IUCN (Unione Internazionale della Conversazione della Natura). Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di andare a caratterizzare le componenti del tuorlo, unico nutrimento per l’embrione durante tutto il processo di sviluppo, e del fegato, al fine di valutare l’assorbimento del tuorlo nelle diversi fasi dello sviluppo. Per questo, 23 uova non schiuse, provenienti da 5 nidi deposti durante l’estate del 2022 a Marina di Camerota (Campania, Italia) in diversi momenti della stagione riproduttiva (inizio, metà e fine) sono state campionate ed analizzate tramite SDS page e spettroscopia infrarosso FTIR. L’analisi elettroforetica ha permesso di valutare il pattern di assorbimento proteico nei diversi stadi embrionali evidenziando come nei primi stadi di sviluppo siano presenti proteine ad alto peso molecolare che con l’avanzare dello sviluppo vengono idrolizzate in proteine più piccole e internalizzate dall’embrione. Negli ultimi stadi di sviluppo embrionale, sia per quanto riguarda il tuorlo che il fegato, le proteine rimanenti sono quelle a basso peso molecolare che serviranno all’embrione come fonte di energia per affrontare le fasi post-schiusa. Tramite analisi FTIR è stata, invece, valutata la composizione macromolecolare di tuorlo e fegato in termini di proteine, lipidi e glucidi. È emerso che gli embrioni assorbono le proteine nei primi stadi di sviluppo, mentre lipidi e glucidi vengono assorbiti nelle ultime fasi. In particolare i lipidi, fonte energetica molto importante, sono gli ultimi componenti ad essere assorbiti dal tuorlo.
CARATTERIZZAZIONE DELLA COMPOSIZIONE MACROMOLECOLARE DI TUORLO E FEGATO IN EMBRIONI DI TARTARUGA MARINA COMUNE (CARETTA CARETTA, LINNAEUS 1758) A DIVERSI STADI DI SVILUPPO
D'ORIA, SIMONA
2022/2023
Abstract
Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), known as Loggerhead Sea turtle, is the most common species of sea turtle in the Mediterranean Sea and its distribution range also includes the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sea turtles have a very complex life cycle and all life stages, including the embryonic development, are threatened by a variety of factors, both natural and anthropic. For this reason, this species was indicated at global scale in the red list of the IUCN (International Union for Conversation of Nature) as vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to characterize the yolk, the only nourishment for embryos during the development process, and liver components, in order to evaluate the yolk absorption at different stages of development. For this reason, 23 unhatched eggs, collected from 5 nests laid during summer 2022 in Marina di Camerota (Campania, Italy) at different times of the reproductive season (beginning, middle and end) were sampled and analysed through SDS page and infrared spectroscopy FTIR. Through Electrophoretic analysis the absorption pattern of the proteins in different embryonic stages was evaluated, showing that in the early stages of development there are high molecular weight proteins that then were hydrolysed into smaller proteins with the advance of development and then internalized by the growing embryo. In the last stages of embryonic development, in both yolk and liver, the remaining proteins are those with low molecular weight that represent a source of energy supporting the embryo post-hatching activities. Finally, through FTIR analysis the macromolecular composition of yolk and liver was evaluated in terms of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Results described that embryos absorb proteins in the early stages of development, while lipids and carbohydrates are absorbed in the later stages. In particular lipids, a very important energy source, are the last components to be internalized from the yolk.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/15085