The objective of this thesis is to understand what are the main causes that give rise to inequalities in access to care and the tools and actions that have been implemented to try to combat or reduce them. Care is fundamental to guarantee an adequate state of health for citizens: for this reason this concept is introduced, illustrating how it has changed from a temporal, sociological and legislative perspective. Before dealing with inequalities in access to care, it is essential to understand how the concept of health is understood. In fact, depending on the importance that, in a specific historical/temporal context, is attributed to the health of citizens, the methods of intervention in the various socio-health sectors are then determined in order to guarantee equal access to them. Furthermore, the organization of the healthcare system which defines the methods of access and provision of services and benefits is crucial in guaranteeing equal access to care. The possibility of accessing care for individuals affects their state of health, however, it is also determined by a series of individual and contextual factors, which have been identified and analyzed by some defined models. Furthermore, the mode of access to care and the resulting inequalities are compared between the various European healthcare models: each system differs in the management of healthcare with consequent differences in the opportunities for accessing care. Finally, we analyze the policies and actions that are implemented in our country to address and intervene in the field of inequalities in access to care.
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di comprendere quali sono le principali cause da cui originano le disuguaglianze nell’accesso alle cure e gli strumenti e azioni che sono state attuate per cercare di contrastarle o ridurle. La cura è fondamentale per garantire un adeguato stato di salute dei cittadini: per questo motivo si introduce tale concetto, illustrando come esso sia mutato sotto l’aspetto temporale, sociologico e legislativo. Prima di trattare le disuguaglianze nell’accesso alle cure è fondamentale comprendere come viene inteso il concetto di salute. Infatti, a seconda dell’importanza che, in un determinato contesto storico/temporale, viene attribuita alla salute dei cittadini, si va poi a determinare le modalità di intervento nei vari settori sociosanitari al fine di garantire un equo accesso alle stesse. Determinante nel garantire un equo accesso alle cure è inoltre, l’organizzazione del sistema sanitario che definisce le modalità di accesso e di erogazione dei servizi e prestazioni. La possibilità di accesso alle cure dei singoli individui condiziona il loro stato di salute, tuttavia, essa è determinata anche da una serie di fattori individuali e contestuali, i quali sono stati individuati e analizzati da alcuni modelli definiti. Inoltre, la modalità di accesso alle cure e le disuguaglianze che ne derivano sono messe a confronto tra i vari modelli sanitari europei: ogni sistema si differenzia nella gestione della sanità con conseguenti differenze nelle opportunità di accesso alle cure. Infine, si analizzano le politiche ed azioni che sono poste in essere nel nostro Paese per fronteggiare ed intervenire in materia di disuguaglianze nell’accesso alle cure.
Le disuguaglianze nell'accesso alle cure
GABRIELLI, CHIARA
2022/2023
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to understand what are the main causes that give rise to inequalities in access to care and the tools and actions that have been implemented to try to combat or reduce them. Care is fundamental to guarantee an adequate state of health for citizens: for this reason this concept is introduced, illustrating how it has changed from a temporal, sociological and legislative perspective. Before dealing with inequalities in access to care, it is essential to understand how the concept of health is understood. In fact, depending on the importance that, in a specific historical/temporal context, is attributed to the health of citizens, the methods of intervention in the various socio-health sectors are then determined in order to guarantee equal access to them. Furthermore, the organization of the healthcare system which defines the methods of access and provision of services and benefits is crucial in guaranteeing equal access to care. The possibility of accessing care for individuals affects their state of health, however, it is also determined by a series of individual and contextual factors, which have been identified and analyzed by some defined models. Furthermore, the mode of access to care and the resulting inequalities are compared between the various European healthcare models: each system differs in the management of healthcare with consequent differences in the opportunities for accessing care. Finally, we analyze the policies and actions that are implemented in our country to address and intervene in the field of inequalities in access to care.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/16372