Marine Heterobranchia are organisms with rather specific diets, generally feeding on one (monophagy) or a few prey species (stenophagy). The prey are mostly sessile organisms (including algae, bryozoans, porifera and cnidarians), which are particularly sensitive to climate change. In this context, it is useful to investigate whether heterobranchs could be used as indicator organisms to monitor the effects of climate change on benthic communities: this phenomenon is thought to affect the distribution of the latter and the synchronisation of life cycles between prey and predators. In this study, we have tried to contribute to the currently scarce knowledge on heterobranchs by collecting a total of 2177 records: 1536 for the Conero Riviera and 641 for the rest of the Mediterranean. Many of the data were collected through citizen science: in fact, heterobranchs are considered flagship species, i.e. species whose characteristics make them attractive to divers all over the world. For this reason, it is not uncommon to find photos of these organisms on the web (which can provide useful information for monitoring), and it is quite easy to involve volunteers in data collection activities. The data collected in this work have been used to study the relationship between heterobranchs and substrata in relation to their food preferences, and to make comparisons between the Conero and the rest of the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the literature search for information on the prey of heterobranchs revealed a general lack of knowledge, with data often unsourced or not based on a scientific method. This study therefore highlights the need to carry out more targeted studies on the trophy of each species and to collect more and more records from all possible sources in order to be able to prove that the small home range of heterobranchs is related to their diet, and thus to be able to assess whether or not their use as indicator organisms can be considered effective or not.
Gli Heterobranchia marini sono organismi con una dieta piuttosto specifica, nutrendosi generalmente di una (monofagia) o poche specie di prede (stenofagia). Le prede sono perlopiù organismi sessili (tra cui alghe, briozoi, poriferi e cnidari), particolarmente sensibili ai cambiamenti climatici. In questo contesto, è utile indagare se gli eterobranchi possano essere utilizzati come organismi indicatori degli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici sulle comunità bentoniche: si pensa infatti che questo fenomeno influisca sulla distribuzione di queste ultime e sulla sincronizzazione dei cicli vitali tra preda e predatore. In questo studio, abbiamo cercato di contribuire alla conoscenza, attualmente scarsa, sugli eterobranchi, raccogliendo un totale di 2177 records: 1536 per la Riviera del Conero e 641 per il resto del Mediterraneo. Molti dei dati sono stati raccolti attraverso la citizen science: gli eterobranchi, infatti, sono considerati specie “flagship”, cioè specie le cui caratteristiche le rendono un’attrattiva per i subacquei di tutto il mondo. Per questo motivo, non è raro imbattersi sul web in foto di questi organismi (che possono fornire informazioni utili per il monitoraggio), e risulta abbastanza semplice coinvolgere volontari nelle attività di raccolta dati. I dati raccolti in questo lavoro sono stati utilizzati per studiare la relazione tra eterobranchi e substrati in relazione alle loro preferenze alimentari, e per fare un confronto tra Conero e resto del Mediterraneo. Tuttavia, la ricerca in letteratura di informazioni riguardo le prede degli eterobranchi ha rivelato una generale mancanza di conoscenza, con dati spesso privi di fonte o di metodo scientifico alla base. Questo studio, perciò, evidenzia il bisogno di svolgere studi più mirati sulla trofia di ogni specie e di raccogliere sempre più dati da tutte le fonti possibili per poter provare che lo “small home range” degli eterobranchi sia correlato alla loro dieta, e dunque essere in grado di definire se il loro utilizzo come organismi indicatori possa essere considerato efficace o meno.
ANALISI DEI SUBSTRATI IN RELAZIONE ALLE PREFERENZE ALIMENTARI DEI RECORDS DI HETEROBRANCHIA NELLA RIVIERA DEL CONERO
COLOMBO, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Marine Heterobranchia are organisms with rather specific diets, generally feeding on one (monophagy) or a few prey species (stenophagy). The prey are mostly sessile organisms (including algae, bryozoans, porifera and cnidarians), which are particularly sensitive to climate change. In this context, it is useful to investigate whether heterobranchs could be used as indicator organisms to monitor the effects of climate change on benthic communities: this phenomenon is thought to affect the distribution of the latter and the synchronisation of life cycles between prey and predators. In this study, we have tried to contribute to the currently scarce knowledge on heterobranchs by collecting a total of 2177 records: 1536 for the Conero Riviera and 641 for the rest of the Mediterranean. Many of the data were collected through citizen science: in fact, heterobranchs are considered flagship species, i.e. species whose characteristics make them attractive to divers all over the world. For this reason, it is not uncommon to find photos of these organisms on the web (which can provide useful information for monitoring), and it is quite easy to involve volunteers in data collection activities. The data collected in this work have been used to study the relationship between heterobranchs and substrata in relation to their food preferences, and to make comparisons between the Conero and the rest of the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the literature search for information on the prey of heterobranchs revealed a general lack of knowledge, with data often unsourced or not based on a scientific method. This study therefore highlights the need to carry out more targeted studies on the trophy of each species and to collect more and more records from all possible sources in order to be able to prove that the small home range of heterobranchs is related to their diet, and thus to be able to assess whether or not their use as indicator organisms can be considered effective or not.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/18485