Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate known for the production of goniodomins (GDs) and other unknown bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) that may cause harmful algal blooms (HABs). However, this mixotrophic microalgae is recently expanding in Northern European waters, becoming one of the predominant species in abundance in the HABs of these waters. This expansion may pose a danger to coastal ecosystems and associated services, leading to both direct and indirect consequences not only for aquatic fauna and flora but also for human beings. This study tested whether there was a goniodomin induction in A. pseudogonyaulax when it was both in direct contact with and physically separated from copepods Acartia tonsa (one of its natural meso-zooplankton predators). In addition, A. pseudogonyaulax was also studied in partial connection with other closely related microalgae while being preyed upon by the same grazer, to test wheter goniodomins were expressed. Finally, this study attempted to quantify the A. pseudogonyaulax BECs lytic activity through R. salina bioassays. The results did not show any induction in both experiments with only A. pseudogonyaulax and with other microalgae. However, the R. salina bioassays showed consistent lytic activity by A. pseudogonyaulax BECs.
Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax è una dinoflagellata cosmopolita nota per la produzione di goniodomine (GDs), composti extracellulari bioattivi (BECs) sconosciuti e possono causare fioriture algali dannose (HAB). Questa microalga mixotrofa si sta recentemente espandendo nei mari dell'Europa settentrionale, diventando una delle specie predominanti in abbondanza negli HAB di queste acque. Questa espansione può rappresentare un pericolo per gli ecosistemi costieri e i servizi ad essi associati, con conseguenze dirette e indirette non solo per la fauna e la flora acquatica, ma anche per gli esseri umani. Questo studio ha verificato l'induzione della ficotossina goniodomina A in A. pseudogonyaulax quando questa era in contatto diretto e fisicamente separato dai copepodi Acartia tonsa (uno dei suoi predatori naturali di meso-zooplancton). Inoltre, A. pseudogonyaulax è stata studiata anche in parziale connessione con altre microalghe strettamente imparentate, mentre venivano predata dallo stesso brucatore, per testare se vi fosse anche in questo caso un'induzione di goniodomine. Infine, questo studio ha cercato di quantificare l'attività litica dei composti bioattivi extracellulari di A. pseudogonyaulax attraverso biotest su R. salina. I risultati non hanno mostrato alcuna induzione in entrambi gli esperimenti con la sola A. pseudogonyaulax e con le altre microalghe. Tuttavia, i biodotest con R. salina hanno mostrato un'attività litica consistente da parte delle BEC di A. pseudogonyaulax.
Induzione di goniodomine e caratterizzazione dei composti bioattivi extracellulari nella dinoflagellata Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax
PORRECA, FRANCESCO
2023/2024
Abstract
Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate known for the production of goniodomins (GDs) and other unknown bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) that may cause harmful algal blooms (HABs). However, this mixotrophic microalgae is recently expanding in Northern European waters, becoming one of the predominant species in abundance in the HABs of these waters. This expansion may pose a danger to coastal ecosystems and associated services, leading to both direct and indirect consequences not only for aquatic fauna and flora but also for human beings. This study tested whether there was a goniodomin induction in A. pseudogonyaulax when it was both in direct contact with and physically separated from copepods Acartia tonsa (one of its natural meso-zooplankton predators). In addition, A. pseudogonyaulax was also studied in partial connection with other closely related microalgae while being preyed upon by the same grazer, to test wheter goniodomins were expressed. Finally, this study attempted to quantify the A. pseudogonyaulax BECs lytic activity through R. salina bioassays. The results did not show any induction in both experiments with only A. pseudogonyaulax and with other microalgae. However, the R. salina bioassays showed consistent lytic activity by A. pseudogonyaulax BECs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/18494