Marine algae play a fundamental role for life on our planet, as through photosynthesis they help fix atmospheric CO2 into organic molecules, contributing to the maintenance of marine ecosystems. Iron is an important micronutrient because it is present in many photosynthetic and metabolic processes but often limiting for algae in the marine environment. In this study, we chose D. salina because it is an alga recognized to be tolerant to strong environmental stresses and T. suecica, another species that is relatively easy to culture. Cultures were acclimated in an artificial medium (AMCONA) to a gradually decreasing concentration of iron. The effects of reduced Fe availability on algal growth, cell composition, pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency were studied. Several analytical techniques, including CHN elemental analysis, X-ray spectroscopy (TXRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to characterize cell composition; spectrophotometric analysis for pigment quantification; and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis to characterize photosynthetic response. The results show a different impact of Fe limitation in the two species, particularly with regard to modulation of cell composition, which is much more pronounced in the case of T. suecica than in D. salina. In the latter, however, an effect of the salinity of the medium used for cultivation on the ability to acclimate to reduced Fe availability was found. The impact of reduced Fe availability on photosynthesis was evident in both species, consistent with the important role of this element in photosynthetic electron transport. T. suecica and D. salina, however, modulated photosynthetic pigment accumulation differently in response to Fe deficiency. Thus, their analyses revealed distinctive traits of T. suecica or D. salina in the response to Fe deficiency both in terms of acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus and cellular composition. Characterization of the biodiversity of physiological responses in marine microalgae in response to environmental stresses, such as Fe deficiency, is of fundamental importance for understanding the role of Fe in marine biogeochemical cycles as well as for the development of biotechnological applications involving microalgae.
Le alghe marine rivestono un ruolo fondamentale per la vita sul nostro pianeta, in quanto attraverso la fotosintesi contribuiscono a fissare la CO2 atmosferica in molecole organiche, contribuendo al mantenimento degli ecosistemi marini. Il ferro è un micronutriente importante perché è presente in molti processi fotosintetici e metabolici ma spesso limitante per le alghe in ambiente marino. In questo studio abbiamo scelto D. salina perché è un’alga riconosciuta per essere tollerante a stress ambientali forti e T. suecica, un’altra specie relativamente facile da coltivare. Le colture sono state acclimatate in un mezzo artificiale (AMCONA) a una concentrazione via via decrescente di ferro. Sono stati studiati gli effetti di una ridotta disponibilità di Fe sulla crescita algale, sulla composizione cellulare, sul contenuto di pigmenti e sull’efficienza fotosintetica. Sono state utilizzate diverse tecniche analitiche, tra cui l'analisi elementare CHN, la spettroscopia a raggi X (TXRF) e la Spettroscopia Infrarossa a Trasformata di Fourier (FTIR) per caratterizzare la composizione della cellula; analisi spettrofotometriche per la quantificazione dei pigmenti e l'analisi della fluorescenza della clorofilla per caratterizzare la risposta fotosintetica. I risultati mostrano un diverso impatto della limitazione da Fe nelle due specie, in particolare per quanto riguarda la modulazione della composizione celle cellule, molto più pronunciata nel caso di T. suecica rispetto a D. salina. In quest’ultima è però stato riscontrato un effetto della salinità del mezzo utilizzato per la coltivazione sulla capacità di acclimatazione ad una ridotta disponibilità di Fe. L’impatto di una ridotta disponibilità di Fe sulla fotosintesi è stato evidente in entrambe le specie, in linea con l’importante ruolo di questo elemento nel trasporto elettronico fotosintetico. T. suecica e D. salina, però, hanno modulato in maniera differente l’accumulo di pigmenti fotosintetici in risposta a carenza di Fe. Le analisi effettuate hanno quindi evidenziato tratti distintivi di T. suecica o D. salina nella risposta a carenza di Fe sia per quanto riguarda l’acclimatazione sia dell’apparato fotosintetico che della composizione cellulare. La caratterizzazione della biodiversità delle risposte fisiologiche nelle microalghe marine in risposta a stress ambientali, quali la carenza di Fe, risulta di fondamentale importanza per la comprensione del ruolo del Fe nei cicli biogeochimici marini nonché per lo sviluppo di applicazioni biotecnologiche che coinvolgono le microalghe.
IMPATTO DELLA CARENZA DI FERRO SULLA RISPOSTA FISIOLOGICA DI DUE MICROALGHE VERDI MARINE
SCUTARIU, TUDOR ADRIAN
2023/2024
Abstract
Marine algae play a fundamental role for life on our planet, as through photosynthesis they help fix atmospheric CO2 into organic molecules, contributing to the maintenance of marine ecosystems. Iron is an important micronutrient because it is present in many photosynthetic and metabolic processes but often limiting for algae in the marine environment. In this study, we chose D. salina because it is an alga recognized to be tolerant to strong environmental stresses and T. suecica, another species that is relatively easy to culture. Cultures were acclimated in an artificial medium (AMCONA) to a gradually decreasing concentration of iron. The effects of reduced Fe availability on algal growth, cell composition, pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency were studied. Several analytical techniques, including CHN elemental analysis, X-ray spectroscopy (TXRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to characterize cell composition; spectrophotometric analysis for pigment quantification; and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis to characterize photosynthetic response. The results show a different impact of Fe limitation in the two species, particularly with regard to modulation of cell composition, which is much more pronounced in the case of T. suecica than in D. salina. In the latter, however, an effect of the salinity of the medium used for cultivation on the ability to acclimate to reduced Fe availability was found. The impact of reduced Fe availability on photosynthesis was evident in both species, consistent with the important role of this element in photosynthetic electron transport. T. suecica and D. salina, however, modulated photosynthetic pigment accumulation differently in response to Fe deficiency. Thus, their analyses revealed distinctive traits of T. suecica or D. salina in the response to Fe deficiency both in terms of acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus and cellular composition. Characterization of the biodiversity of physiological responses in marine microalgae in response to environmental stresses, such as Fe deficiency, is of fundamental importance for understanding the role of Fe in marine biogeochemical cycles as well as for the development of biotechnological applications involving microalgae.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/21067