Recreational diving is one of the leisure activities that has undergone substantial development in recent years, encouraging more and more people to explore submerged marine ecosystems Diving generates significant socio-economic benefits, including income for local communities, new job opportunities, and also represents a form of tourism that promotes awareness and appreciation of the underwater environment, as well as the conservation and protection of its biodiversity. However, if not properly managed, diving tourism can have considerable negative impacts. Excessive use of dive sites, especially if not properly regulated, can lead to increased contact - voluntary or accidental - between divers and marine life. Prolonged disturbance of this kind can lead to a local loss of biodiversity. This study tested a strategy to prevent the negative impacts of recreational diving by raising divers' awareness of the potential damage to benthic communities resulting from improper diving behaviour. During the development of the thesis, a video was recorded and edited to document examples of misconduct while diving. The video, filmed in the waters of the Tremiti Islands Marine Protected Area, was used alongside other iconographic material, to prepare a pre-dive briefing aimed at raising divers' awareness of the marine environment, showing behaviours to avoid during dives and highlighting the fragility of benthic communities. To assess the effectiveness of the briefing in reducing divers' contact with the substrate and promoting a sense of responsibility among divers towards marine communities, the diving behaviour of two groups of divers (Trained, who received the briefing, and Untrained, who did not receive instructions) was monitored during the 2023 and 2024 diving seasons. In addition, the monitored divers were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire to assess their perception of their impact on the seabed. The feedback obtained also made it possible to: i) collect data through direct monitoring on how, how frequently and with which parts of their equipment divers negatively impact the marine environment, ii) verify the correspondence between the divers' profiles and their behaviour during dives, iii) compare the results of the self-assessment with those obtained from monitoring. The analysed data show that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups of divers (Trained and Untrained) in terms of the number of contacts with the seabed. Within each group, differences were found in the number of contacts between the various categories of divers, for example in relation to age or level of experience. The questionnaires on the perception of their own impact reveal a general tendency among divers to underestimate the frequency and extent of their interactions with the marine environment, while at the same time overestimating their ability to control their buoyancy, which is frequently rated as “excellent” by the divers themselves. In conclusion, this research confirms that pre-dive briefings are a simple but highly effective tool for minimising and counteracting the potential damage caused by scuba diving and highlights the importance of implementing a network of diving centres to disseminate standardised guidelines aimed at improving the diving behaviour of recreational divers.
La subacquea ricreativa rappresenta una delle attività ricreative che durante gli ultimi anni è andata incontro ad un sostanziale sviluppo, stimolando sempre più persone a esplorare ecosistemi marini sommersi. L’attività subacquea genera notevoli benefici socio-economici, inclusi reddito per le comunità locali, nuove opportunità lavorative, e, inoltre, rappresenta una forma di turismo che promuovere la conoscenza e la valorizzazione dell’ambiente sottomarino. Tuttavia, se non adeguatamente gestito, il turismo subacqueo può causare impatti negativi considerevoli. Un’eccessiva frequentazione dei siti di immersione, può comportare un aumento dei contatti - volontari o accidentali - tra i subacquei e la vita marina. Questo tipo di disturbo, se prolungato nel tempo, può determinare una perdita locale di biodiversità. Questo studio ha testato una strategia per prevenire gli impatti negativi della subacquea ricreativa sensibilizzando i subacquei sui potenziali danni alle comunità bentoniche derivanti da comportamenti scorretti in immersione. Durante lo svolgimento della tesi, è stato registrato e montato un video, per documentare esempi di cattiva condotta in immersione. Il video, realizzato nei fondali dell’Area Marina Protetta delle Isole Tremiti, è stato utilizzato, assieme ad altro materiale iconografico, per preparare un briefing pre-immersione allo scopo di sensibilizzare i subacquei verso l’ambiente marino, mostrando i comportamenti da evitare durante le immersioni ed evidenziando la fragilità delle comunità bentoniche. Per valutare l’efficacia del briefing nel ridurre i contatti dei subacquei col substrato e promuovere un senso di responsabilità dei subacquei verso le comunità marine, i comportamenti in immersione di due gruppi di subacquei (Trained, ai quali è stato somministrato il briefing, e Untrained, che non hanno ricevuto istruzioni) sono stati monitorati durante le stagioni subacquee del 2023 e del 2024. Inoltre, i sub monitorati sono stati invitati a rispondere ad un questionario anonimo al fine di valutare la percezione del proprio impatto con il fondale. I feedback ottenuti hanno permesso inoltre di: i) raccogliere dati attraverso il monitoraggio diretto su come, con quale frequenza e con quali parti dell’attrezzatura i subacquei impattano negativamente l’ambiente marino, ii) verificare le corrispondenze tra il profilo dei subacquei e il loro comportamento durante le immersioni, iii) confrontare i risultati dell’autovalutazione con quelli ottenuti dal monitoraggio. I dati analizzati evidenziano che tra i due gruppi di subacquei (Trained e Untrained), esistono delle differenze statisticamente significative in termini di numero di contatti con il fondale. In ciascun gruppo, sono state evidenziate differenze nel numero di contatti tra le varie categorie di subacquei, ad esempio in relazione all’età o al livello di esperienza. Dai questionari sulla percezione del proprio impatto emerge una tendenza generale dei subacquei a sottostimare la frequenza e l’entità delle loro interazioni con l’ambiente marino, evidenziando al contempo una sopravvalutazione delle proprie capacità di controllo dell’assetto, frequentemente valutato come ‘’ottimo’’ dagli stessi praticanti. In conclusione, questa ricerca conferma che i briefing pre-immersione rappresentano uno strumento semplice ma altamente efficace per minimizzare e contrastare i potenziali danni derivanti dalle immersioni subacquee e sottolinea l’importanza di implementare una rete di centri subacquei per diffondere linee guida standardizzate volte a migliorare il comportamento in immersione dei subacquei ricreativi.
EFFICACIA DEI BRIEFINGS PRE-IMMERSIONE PER SENSIBILIZZARE I SUBACQUEI E RIDURRE IL LORO IMPATTO SULLE COMUNITÀ BENTONICHE
QUADRINI, GIADA
2024/2025
Abstract
Recreational diving is one of the leisure activities that has undergone substantial development in recent years, encouraging more and more people to explore submerged marine ecosystems Diving generates significant socio-economic benefits, including income for local communities, new job opportunities, and also represents a form of tourism that promotes awareness and appreciation of the underwater environment, as well as the conservation and protection of its biodiversity. However, if not properly managed, diving tourism can have considerable negative impacts. Excessive use of dive sites, especially if not properly regulated, can lead to increased contact - voluntary or accidental - between divers and marine life. Prolonged disturbance of this kind can lead to a local loss of biodiversity. This study tested a strategy to prevent the negative impacts of recreational diving by raising divers' awareness of the potential damage to benthic communities resulting from improper diving behaviour. During the development of the thesis, a video was recorded and edited to document examples of misconduct while diving. The video, filmed in the waters of the Tremiti Islands Marine Protected Area, was used alongside other iconographic material, to prepare a pre-dive briefing aimed at raising divers' awareness of the marine environment, showing behaviours to avoid during dives and highlighting the fragility of benthic communities. To assess the effectiveness of the briefing in reducing divers' contact with the substrate and promoting a sense of responsibility among divers towards marine communities, the diving behaviour of two groups of divers (Trained, who received the briefing, and Untrained, who did not receive instructions) was monitored during the 2023 and 2024 diving seasons. In addition, the monitored divers were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire to assess their perception of their impact on the seabed. The feedback obtained also made it possible to: i) collect data through direct monitoring on how, how frequently and with which parts of their equipment divers negatively impact the marine environment, ii) verify the correspondence between the divers' profiles and their behaviour during dives, iii) compare the results of the self-assessment with those obtained from monitoring. The analysed data show that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups of divers (Trained and Untrained) in terms of the number of contacts with the seabed. Within each group, differences were found in the number of contacts between the various categories of divers, for example in relation to age or level of experience. The questionnaires on the perception of their own impact reveal a general tendency among divers to underestimate the frequency and extent of their interactions with the marine environment, while at the same time overestimating their ability to control their buoyancy, which is frequently rated as “excellent” by the divers themselves. In conclusion, this research confirms that pre-dive briefings are a simple but highly effective tool for minimising and counteracting the potential damage caused by scuba diving and highlights the importance of implementing a network of diving centres to disseminate standardised guidelines aimed at improving the diving behaviour of recreational divers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/22588