Chemical pollution and the numerous environmental stressors pose a constant threat to marine species, especially bivalves, which are particularly vulnerable as benthic filter-feeders. This study provides the first experimental evidence on the ability of microbiota transplantation to improve the response to chemical stress in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Specifically, the evaluation of transplant success and efficacy in improving the response to chemical stress was conducted on two transplantation methods: cohabitation of recipient organisms with donor clams, and exposure of recipient clams to donor tissues homogenate, both tested with and without antibiotic treatment. Clams from a polluted area (Porto Marghera, PM) were used as donors, while clams from the SATMAR hatchery were used as naïve recipients. After transplantation, the six experimental groups represented by SATMAR non-transplanted, subjected to cohabitation with PM, and those exposed to PM homogenate (each condition with and without antibiotics) were exposed to cadmium (0.5 µg/L) and mercury (0.03 µg/L) for seven days. After this period, biochemical and cellular biomarkers involved in stress-response were assessed, such as immune responses, individual antioxidant defences and total antioxidant capacity, accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and alterations in neutral lipid content, cholinergic function, and genotoxic damage. The clams that underwent microbiota transplantation and were not treated with antibiotics showed lower mercury accumulation and higher antioxidant capacity, suggesting a beneficial role of the microbiota transplant in the bioaccumulation and metabolism of the tested contaminants, specifically those subjected to cohabitation transplant. In contrast, antibiotic treatment increased oxidative stress. Obtained results suggest that microbiota transplantation through cohabitation may represent a sustainable and promising strategy to improve the resilience of bivalves and the sustainability of aquaculture, deserving further exploration in the future.
L’inquinamento chimico e le numerose tipologie di stress ambientale rappresentano una minaccia costante per le specie marine, specialmente per i bivalvi, particolarmente vulnerabili essendo organismi filtratori bentonici. Questo studio fornisce la prima evidenza sperimentale sulla capacità del trapianto di microbiota di migliorare la risposta allo stress chimico nella vongola filippina (Ruditapes philippinarum). Nello specifico, il successo del trapianto e l’efficacia nel migliorare la risposta allo stress chimico sono stati valutati su due metodi di trapianto: la coabitazione degli organismi riceventi con vongole donatrici, e l’esposizione dei riceventi a omogenato di tessuti di donatori, entrambi testati con o senza trattamento antibiotico, utilizzato per favorire la rimozione del microbiota naïve e la colonizzazione del nuovo microbiota. Come donatori, sono state utilizzate vongole provenienti da un’area inquinata (Porto Marghera, PM), mentre vongole provenienti dallo schiuditoio SATMAR sono state utilizzate come organismi naïve riceventi. Dopo il trapianto, i sei gruppi sperimentali rappresentati da vongole SATMAR non-trapiantate, sottoposte a coabitazione con PM o esposte ad omogenato di PM (ciascuna condizione con e senza antibiotico) sono stati esposti a cadmio (0,5 µg/L) e mercurio (0,03 µg/L) per sette giorni, al termine dei quali sono stati valutati biomarcatori biochimici e cellulari coinvolti nella risposta allo stress, come le risposte immunitarie, le singole difese antiossidanti e la capacità antiossidante totale, l’accumulo di prodotti di perossidazione lipidica e alterazioni nel contenuto dei lipidi neutri, funzionalità colinergica e danni genotossici. Le vongole sottoposte a trapianto di microbiota e non trattate con antibiotici hanno mostrato minore accumulo di mercurio e maggiore capacità antiossidante, suggerendo un ruolo benefico del trapianto di microbiota nel bioaccumulo e nel metabolismo dei contaminanti testati specialmente nelle vongole sottoposte a trapianto per coabitazione. Al contrario, i trattamenti con antibiotici hanno prodotto un’aumentata pressione ossidativa. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che il trapianto di microbiota mediante coabitazione possa rappresentare una strategia sostenibile e promettente per migliorare la resilienza dei bivalvi e la sostenibilità dell’acquacoltura, meritando ulteriori approfondimenti in futuro.
IL TRAPIANTO DI MICROBIOTA COME POSSIBILE STRUMENTO PER PROMUOVERE LA RISPOSTA DELL’OSPITE ALLO STRESS CHIMICO: IL CASO STUDIO DI RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM
FERRETTI, GAIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Chemical pollution and the numerous environmental stressors pose a constant threat to marine species, especially bivalves, which are particularly vulnerable as benthic filter-feeders. This study provides the first experimental evidence on the ability of microbiota transplantation to improve the response to chemical stress in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Specifically, the evaluation of transplant success and efficacy in improving the response to chemical stress was conducted on two transplantation methods: cohabitation of recipient organisms with donor clams, and exposure of recipient clams to donor tissues homogenate, both tested with and without antibiotic treatment. Clams from a polluted area (Porto Marghera, PM) were used as donors, while clams from the SATMAR hatchery were used as naïve recipients. After transplantation, the six experimental groups represented by SATMAR non-transplanted, subjected to cohabitation with PM, and those exposed to PM homogenate (each condition with and without antibiotics) were exposed to cadmium (0.5 µg/L) and mercury (0.03 µg/L) for seven days. After this period, biochemical and cellular biomarkers involved in stress-response were assessed, such as immune responses, individual antioxidant defences and total antioxidant capacity, accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and alterations in neutral lipid content, cholinergic function, and genotoxic damage. The clams that underwent microbiota transplantation and were not treated with antibiotics showed lower mercury accumulation and higher antioxidant capacity, suggesting a beneficial role of the microbiota transplant in the bioaccumulation and metabolism of the tested contaminants, specifically those subjected to cohabitation transplant. In contrast, antibiotic treatment increased oxidative stress. Obtained results suggest that microbiota transplantation through cohabitation may represent a sustainable and promising strategy to improve the resilience of bivalves and the sustainability of aquaculture, deserving further exploration in the future.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23454