Abstract Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by a progressive and persistent limitation of airflow. It currently represents the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and has significant implications both for patients, in terms of quality of life, and for healthcare systems, due to the high rate of related hospitalizations. Frequent exacerbations are the main factor leading to hospitalization and clinical deterioration. In this context, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most widely used therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through a narrative review of the literature, the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation during the acute phase in reducing hospitalizations among patients experiencing COPD exacerbations. Type of Study Narrative review of the literature Objective To evaluate, through scientific evidence from the literature, the effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy in the acute phase in the management of patients with COPD. Materials and Methods The research was conducted by consulting the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and ResMed Journal, including articles published between 2009 and 2025. The studies included involved adult patients diagnosed with COPD who underwent respiratory physiotherapy programs. Results Pulmonary rehabilitation initiated after an acute episode of COPD is associated with a substantial reduction in hospital readmissions and an improvement in submaximal cardiovascular capacity. No significant effects were observed on mortality, while the reduction in dyspnea was mild and not maintained over the long term. Pulmonary rehabilitation also appeared superior to usual care in reducing the average number of new exacerbations. Conclusions These findings confirm that respiratory physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation programs are effective and safe interventions in the acute phase of COPD, contributing to a reduction in the risk of exacerbations and hospitalizations, as well as promoting better continuity of care and quality of life. However, the current evidence remains of moderate to low certainty; further studies are needed to better define the timing and type of treatment that should be proposed based on patients’ clinical conditions. Keywords: COPD, respiratory physiotherapy, hospitalizations, COPD exacerbation
Abstract Introduzione La Broncopneumopatia Cronica Ostruttiva (BPCO), conosciuta a livello internazionale come Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), è una malattia respiratoria cronica caratterizzata da una limitazione progressiva e persistente del flusso aereo. Rappresenta oggi la quarta causa di morte a livello globale e comporta conseguenze rilevanti sia per i pazienti, in termini di qualità di vita, sia per i sistemi sanitari, per l’alto numero di ricoveri correlati. In particolare, le riacutizzazioni frequenti costituiscono il principale fattore che porta all’ospedalizzazione e al peggioramento clinico. In questo contesto, la riabilitazione polmonare rappresenta uno degli approcci riabilitativi più utilizzati. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di valutare, tramite una revisione compilativa della letteratura, l’efficacia della riabilitazione polmonare nella fase acuta per incidere sulla riduzione delle ospedalizzazioni nei pazienti con esacerbazione da BPCO. Tipo di studio Revisione narrativa della letteratura Obiettivo Valutare attraverso le evidenze scientifiche della letteratura l’efficacia della fisioterapia respiratoria in fase acuta nella gestione del paziente con BPCO. Materiali e Metodi La ricerca è stata condotta consultando i database PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro e ResMed Journal, includendo articoli pubblicati tra il 2009 al 2025. Sono stati presi in esame studi che hanno coinvolto pazienti adulti con diagnosi di BPCO sottoposti a programmi di fisioterapia respiratoria Risultati La riabilitazione polmonare, avviata dopo un episodio acuto di BPCO, si associa a una sostanziale riduzione delle ri-ospedalizzazioni e a un miglioramento della capacità cardiovascolare submassimale. Non sono stati osservati effetti significativi sulla mortalità, mentre la riduzione della dispnea è risultata lieve e non mantenuta nel lungo periodo. La PR appare infine superiore all’ usual care nel contenere il numero medio di nuove riacutizzazioni. Conclusioni Questi risultati confermano come la fisioterapia respiratoria e i programmi di riabilitazione polmonare siano interventi efficaci e sicuri nella fase acuta della BPCO, contribuendo a ridurre il rischio di riacutizzazioni e ospedalizzazioni e a favorire una migliore continuità assistenziale e qualità di vita. Tuttavia, le evidenze si dimostrano ancora di moderata e bassa certezza, saranno necessari altri studi per valutare in dettaglio in che tempi e che tipo di trattamento dovrà essere proposto al paziente a seconda delle sue condizioni cliniche. Parole chiave: BPCO, fisioterapia respiratoria, ospedalizzazioni, esacerbazione BPCO,
L’efficacia della riabilitazione polmonare nel paziente con BPCO in fase acuta: revisione narrativa della letteratura
MARZANI, MICHELE
2024/2025
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by a progressive and persistent limitation of airflow. It currently represents the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and has significant implications both for patients, in terms of quality of life, and for healthcare systems, due to the high rate of related hospitalizations. Frequent exacerbations are the main factor leading to hospitalization and clinical deterioration. In this context, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most widely used therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through a narrative review of the literature, the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation during the acute phase in reducing hospitalizations among patients experiencing COPD exacerbations. Type of Study Narrative review of the literature Objective To evaluate, through scientific evidence from the literature, the effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy in the acute phase in the management of patients with COPD. Materials and Methods The research was conducted by consulting the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and ResMed Journal, including articles published between 2009 and 2025. The studies included involved adult patients diagnosed with COPD who underwent respiratory physiotherapy programs. Results Pulmonary rehabilitation initiated after an acute episode of COPD is associated with a substantial reduction in hospital readmissions and an improvement in submaximal cardiovascular capacity. No significant effects were observed on mortality, while the reduction in dyspnea was mild and not maintained over the long term. Pulmonary rehabilitation also appeared superior to usual care in reducing the average number of new exacerbations. Conclusions These findings confirm that respiratory physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation programs are effective and safe interventions in the acute phase of COPD, contributing to a reduction in the risk of exacerbations and hospitalizations, as well as promoting better continuity of care and quality of life. However, the current evidence remains of moderate to low certainty; further studies are needed to better define the timing and type of treatment that should be proposed based on patients’ clinical conditions. Keywords: COPD, respiratory physiotherapy, hospitalizations, COPD exacerbation| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23922