Introduction: Secondary readmission to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit is an adverse, unplanned event that occurs as a result of a deterioration in a patient's clinical condition and requires immediate intervention in an intensive care setting. A second readmission to the intensive care unit is associated with high levels of mortality, comorbidity, and prolonged hospital stays, which translate into increased healthcare and social costs. Objectives: The aim is to analyse the phenomenon of readmissions in the cohort of patients operated on at the Cardiac Surgery Centre of the Marche University Hospital (Ancona), to assess the readmission rate, the clinical reasons for readmission to the unit, and in-hospital mortality. The study also aims to evaluate the APPROACH risk score (Van Diepen, 2014) to stratify patients at risk. Methods: A single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the AOUM Cardiac Surgery Centre between January and March 2024. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative data were collected and analysed to identify characteristics associated with readmission to intensive care after primary discharge. For each patient, the APPROACH score was calculated to predict readmission, and mortality outcomes were assessed in the two groups. In the case group, the specific reasons for secondary readmission were also recorded. Results: In the cohort of 209 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 5.7% were readmitted to the intensive care unit after primary discharge. Readmitted patients had a higher mean age and a tendency toward a longer initial stay in the intensive care unit, although this did not reach statistical significance. Neurological, cardiological, pulmonary, and gastroenterological complications were significantly more frequent in readmitted patients. Mortality occurred exclusively in the readmitted group, with a statistically significant difference. The APPROACH score showed significantly higher mean values in readmitted patients compared to non-readmitted patients, indicating greater frailty at the time of discharge from intensive care. The results show that readmission to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery, although a relatively infrequent event, identifies a subgroup of patients with a more complex clinical course and a significantly worse prognosis. Post-operative complications emerge as the main determinants of readmission, outlining a multifactorial scenario. Mortality, concentrated exclusively in the readmitted group, confirms the severity of the clinical condition associated with readmission and underscores its negative prognostic value. The APPROACH score, significantly higher in readmitted patients, suggests a potentially useful capacity for risk stratification at the population level, although it remains limited as an individual predictive tool and therefore less reliable for forecasting the clinical evolution of single patients.
Introduzione: La riammissione secondaria in terapia intensiva cardiochirurgica è un evento avverso, non pianificato, che si verifica a seguito di deterioramento delle condizioni cliniche di un paziente e che richiede un intervento immediato da effettuarsi in ambito intensivo. Al secondo ricovero in terapia intensiva sono associati elevati livelli di mortalità, comorbosità e aumento delle giornate di degenza ospedaliera, che si traducono in costi sanitari e sociali più alti. Obiettivi: Analizzare il fenomeno delle riammissioni nella coorte di pazienti operati presso il centro di Cardiochirurgia della Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche (Ancona), analizzare il tasso di riammissione, le motivazioni cliniche al rientro in reparto, la mortalità intraospedaliera. Valutare lo score di rischio APPROACH (Van Diepen, 2014) per stratificare i pazienti a rischio. Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo monocentrico sui pazienti sottoposti a intervento cardiochirurgico presso la Cardiochirurgia dell’AOUM nel periodo gennaio–marzo 2024. Sono stati raccolti e analizzati dati pre, intra e post-operatori al fine di identificare le caratteristiche associate alla riammissione in terapia intensiva dopo la dimissione primaria. Per ciascun paziente è stato calcolato il punteggio APPROACH per la previsione alla riammissione e sono stati valutati gli esiti di mortalità nei due gruppi. Nel gruppo dei casi sono state inoltre registrate le motivazioni specifiche della riammissione secondaria. Risultati: Nella coorte di 209 pazienti sottoposti a cardiochirurgia, il 5,7% è stato riammesso in Terapia intensiva dopo la dimissione primaria. I pazienti riammessi presentavano un’età media più elevata e una degenza iniziale in terapia intensiva tendenzialmente più lunga, pur senza raggiungere la significatività statistica. Le complicanze neurologiche, cardiologiche, polmonari e gastroenterologiche erano significativamente più frequenti nei pazienti riammessi. La mortalità è risultata concentrata esclusivamente nel gruppo dei riammessi con una iii differenza statisticamente significativa. Il punteggio APPROACH ha mostrato valori medi significativamente più elevati nei pazienti riammessi rispetto ai non riammessi, indicando una maggiore fragilità alla dimissione dalla terapia intensiva. Conclusione: I risultati mostrano che la riammissione in Terapia Intensiva dopo cardiochirurgia, pur rappresentando un evento limitato, identifica un sottogruppo di pazienti con un decorso clinico più complesso e una prognosi significativamente peggiore. Le complicanze post-operatorie emergono come i principali determinanti della riammissione, delineando un quadro di complessità multifattoriale. La mortalità, concentrata esclusivamente nel gruppo dei riammessi, conferma la gravità del quadro clinico associato alla riammissione e ne sottolinea il valore prognostico negativo. Il punteggio APPROACH, significativamente più elevato nei pazienti riammessi, suggerisce una interessante capacità di stratificazione del rischio a livello di popolazione, tuttavia limitata come strumento predittivo individuale e quindi meno affidabile nel prevedere l’evoluzione clinica del singolo paziente.
Analisi della predittività alla riammissione in terapia intensiva cardiochirurgica.
CIABATTONI, BEATRICE
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Secondary readmission to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit is an adverse, unplanned event that occurs as a result of a deterioration in a patient's clinical condition and requires immediate intervention in an intensive care setting. A second readmission to the intensive care unit is associated with high levels of mortality, comorbidity, and prolonged hospital stays, which translate into increased healthcare and social costs. Objectives: The aim is to analyse the phenomenon of readmissions in the cohort of patients operated on at the Cardiac Surgery Centre of the Marche University Hospital (Ancona), to assess the readmission rate, the clinical reasons for readmission to the unit, and in-hospital mortality. The study also aims to evaluate the APPROACH risk score (Van Diepen, 2014) to stratify patients at risk. Methods: A single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the AOUM Cardiac Surgery Centre between January and March 2024. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative data were collected and analysed to identify characteristics associated with readmission to intensive care after primary discharge. For each patient, the APPROACH score was calculated to predict readmission, and mortality outcomes were assessed in the two groups. In the case group, the specific reasons for secondary readmission were also recorded. Results: In the cohort of 209 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 5.7% were readmitted to the intensive care unit after primary discharge. Readmitted patients had a higher mean age and a tendency toward a longer initial stay in the intensive care unit, although this did not reach statistical significance. Neurological, cardiological, pulmonary, and gastroenterological complications were significantly more frequent in readmitted patients. Mortality occurred exclusively in the readmitted group, with a statistically significant difference. The APPROACH score showed significantly higher mean values in readmitted patients compared to non-readmitted patients, indicating greater frailty at the time of discharge from intensive care. The results show that readmission to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery, although a relatively infrequent event, identifies a subgroup of patients with a more complex clinical course and a significantly worse prognosis. Post-operative complications emerge as the main determinants of readmission, outlining a multifactorial scenario. Mortality, concentrated exclusively in the readmitted group, confirms the severity of the clinical condition associated with readmission and underscores its negative prognostic value. The APPROACH score, significantly higher in readmitted patients, suggests a potentially useful capacity for risk stratification at the population level, although it remains limited as an individual predictive tool and therefore less reliable for forecasting the clinical evolution of single patients.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26146