Access to healthcare services in the province of Ragusa presents significant challenges in a territory characterized by a substantial presence of migrant workers and by socio‑economic and organizational conditions that make it difficult to seek care. The aim of this study is to identify and understand the main barriers across the dimensions of the Levesque framework, assessing their impact on individuals’ abilities to perceive, seek, reach, and use healthcare services. To this end, a sequential mixed‑methods design was adopted, with each phase informing and deepening the next. The first component, based on an analysis of EMERGENCY’s administrative data (2019–2023), shows 16,811 services provided to 3,468 unique patients, largely men (87%) and with limited language proficiency (about 50%). More than half are not enrolled in the National Health Service (SSN), while only a small share uses STP/ENI codes. The data also reveal precarious living conditions and a high incidence of unstable or informal work (62.7%), elements that guided the qualitative investigation. The second qualitative phase, based on 15 interviews, confirms a fragmented system with limited continuity of care, scarce linguistic and cultural mediation, and frequent inappropriate use of the Emergency Department. The narratives also highlight barriers related to agricultural working hours, insufficient transportation, poor knowledge of healthcare rights, and fears related to documentation. Informal proximity spaces emerge as key points of guidance, particularly for women and youth. The third phase, conducted through a multilingual questionnaire (n = 70), quantifies the barriers identified: non‑Italian citizenship is associated with communication difficulties (OR 28.12) and documentation barriers (OR 5.07); lack of SSN registration increases the likelihood of postponing medical visits for economic reasons (OR 5.61); employment insecurity reduces access to essential medicines (OR 0.11). Overall, the mixed‑methods approach highlights interconnected barriers that reinforce each other along the entire access pathway, suggesting the need to strengthen linguistic and cultural mediation, territorial proximity, administrative simplification, and measures to reduce the indirect costs of care.
L’accesso ai servizi sanitari della provincia di Ragusa presenta criticità rilevanti, in un territorio caratterizzato da una consistente presenza di lavoratori migranti e da condizioni socio economiche e organizzative che rendono complesso il ricorso alle cure. L’obiettivo dello studio è individuare e comprendere le principali barriere lungo le dimensioni del framework di Levesque, valutando il loro impatto sulle abilità degli individui nel percepire, cercare, raggiungere e utilizzare i servizi sanitari. A tale scopo è stato adottato un disegno mixed methods sequenziale, in cui ogni fase ha informato e approfondito la successiva. La prima componente, basata sull’analisi dei dati gestionali di EMERGENCY (2019–2023), evidenzia 16.811 prestazioni erogate a 3.468 pazienti unici, in larga parte uomini (87%) e con limitata competenza linguistica (circa il 50%). Oltre la metà risulta non iscritta al SSN, mentre solo una quota ridotta utilizza codici STP/ENI. Si osservano inoltre condizioni abitative precarie e un’elevata incidenza di lavori instabili o informali (62,7%), elementi che hanno orientato l’approfondimento qualitativo. La seconda fase qualitativa, basata su 15 interviste, conferma un sistema frammentato, con limitata continuità territoriale, scarsa mediazione linguistico culturale e frequente ricorso improprio al Pronto Soccorso. Le narrazioni evidenziano inoltre ostacoli legati a orari di lavoro agricolo, trasporti insufficienti, scarsa conoscenza dei diritti sanitari e timori documentali. Gli spazi informali di prossimità emergono come principali punti di orientamento, in particolare per donne e giovani. La terza fase, condotta tramite un questionario multilingue (n = 70), quantifica le barriere emerse: la cittadinanza non italiana è associata a difficoltà comunicative (OR 28,12) e documentali (OR 5,07); la mancata iscrizione al SSN aumenta la probabilità di rinviare visite per motivi economici (OR 5,61); la precarietà lavorativa riduce l’accesso ai farmaci essenziali (OR 0,11). Nel complesso, l’approccio mixed methods evidenzia barriere interconnesse che si rafforzano lungo l’intera pathway di accesso, suggerendo la necessità di potenziare mediazione linguistico culturale, prossimità territoriale, semplificazione amministrativa e misure per ridurre i costi indiretti dell’assistenza.
Accesso ai Servizi Sanitari per Gruppi Vulnerabili: Indagine Mixed-Methods nella Provincia di Ragusa
PASCHETTO, MICHELA
2024/2025
Abstract
Access to healthcare services in the province of Ragusa presents significant challenges in a territory characterized by a substantial presence of migrant workers and by socio‑economic and organizational conditions that make it difficult to seek care. The aim of this study is to identify and understand the main barriers across the dimensions of the Levesque framework, assessing their impact on individuals’ abilities to perceive, seek, reach, and use healthcare services. To this end, a sequential mixed‑methods design was adopted, with each phase informing and deepening the next. The first component, based on an analysis of EMERGENCY’s administrative data (2019–2023), shows 16,811 services provided to 3,468 unique patients, largely men (87%) and with limited language proficiency (about 50%). More than half are not enrolled in the National Health Service (SSN), while only a small share uses STP/ENI codes. The data also reveal precarious living conditions and a high incidence of unstable or informal work (62.7%), elements that guided the qualitative investigation. The second qualitative phase, based on 15 interviews, confirms a fragmented system with limited continuity of care, scarce linguistic and cultural mediation, and frequent inappropriate use of the Emergency Department. The narratives also highlight barriers related to agricultural working hours, insufficient transportation, poor knowledge of healthcare rights, and fears related to documentation. Informal proximity spaces emerge as key points of guidance, particularly for women and youth. The third phase, conducted through a multilingual questionnaire (n = 70), quantifies the barriers identified: non‑Italian citizenship is associated with communication difficulties (OR 28.12) and documentation barriers (OR 5.07); lack of SSN registration increases the likelihood of postponing medical visits for economic reasons (OR 5.61); employment insecurity reduces access to essential medicines (OR 0.11). Overall, the mixed‑methods approach highlights interconnected barriers that reinforce each other along the entire access pathway, suggesting the need to strengthen linguistic and cultural mediation, territorial proximity, administrative simplification, and measures to reduce the indirect costs of care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26166