Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established therapeutic option for several onco-hematological diseases. However, improvements in survival have increased the clinical relevance of post-transplant cardiovascular complications. This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to assess the incidence and types of adverse cardiovascular events after HSCT, the factors associated with their occurrence, and their impact on overall survival. A total of 160 adult patients who underwent HSCT and were followed at the Cardio-Oncology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of the Marche Region between July 2008 and January 2026 were included. The study population was predominantly male (64.4%), with a mean age of 54.8 ± 12.6 years and a median follow-up of 2.7 years. During follow-up, 65 patients (40.6%) developed at least one cardiovascular event. The most frequent complications were deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and peripheral arterial disease. In the multivariable logistic regression model, allogeneic transplantation was independently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events compared with autologous transplantation (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.09–9.18; p=0.035). In Cox regression models, a higher baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–1.00; p=0.037). Conversely, the occurrence of cardiovascular events, analyzed as a time-dependent covariate, was not independently associated with mortality. Exploratory analyses also showed a worse prognosis among patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation in the presence of specific baseline vulnerability factors, including older age, LVEF ≤60%, or elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels. These findings highlight the importance of a thorough pre-transplant cardiovascular assessment and structured cardio-oncology follow-up, with particular attention to patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation.
Il trapianto di cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSCT, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation) rappresenta un’opzione terapeutica consolidata per numerose patologie onco-ematologiche. Il miglioramento della sopravvivenza ha tuttavia accresciuto la rilevanza clinica delle complicanze cardiovascolari post-trapianto. Il presente studio di coorte osservazionale longitudinale ha valutato l’incidenza e la tipologia degli eventi cardiovascolari avversi dopo HSCT, i fattori associati alla loro comparsa e il loro impatto sulla sopravvivenza globale. Sono stati inclusi 160 pazienti adulti sottoposti a HSCT e seguiti presso l’Ambulatorio di Cardio-Oncologia dell’Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche tra luglio 2008 e gennaio 2026. La popolazione era prevalentemente maschile (64,4%), con età media di 54,8 ± 12,6 anni e follow-up mediano di 2,7 anni. Nel corso del follow-up, 65 pazienti (40,6%) hanno sviluppato almeno un evento cardiovascolare. Le complicanze più frequenti erano la trombosi venosa profonda, la fibrillazione o il flutter atriale e l’arteriopatia periferica. Nel modello di regressione logistica multivariata, il trapianto allogenico è risultato indipendentemente associato a un maggiore rischio di eventi cardiovascolari rispetto al trapianto autologo (OR 3,16; IC95% 1,09–9,18; p=0,035). Nei modelli di Cox, una maggiore frazione di eiezione ventricolare sinistra basale (FEVS) si è associata a una migliore sopravvivenza globale (HR 0,95; IC95% 0,91–1,00; p=0,037). La comparsa di eventi cardiovascolari, analizzata come covariata tempo-dipendente, non ha invece mostrato un’associazione indipendente con la mortalità. Le analisi esplorative hanno inoltre evidenziato una prognosi peggiore nei pazienti sottoposti a trapianto allogenico in presenza di specifici fattori di vulnerabilità basale, quali età avanzata, FEVS ≤60% o incremento della troponina I ad alta sensibilità. I risultati sottolineano l’importanza di una valutazione cardiovascolare pre-trapianto accurata e di un follow-up cardio-oncologico strutturato, con particolare attenzione ai pazienti candidati a trapianto allogenico.
IMPATTO DELLE COMPLICANZE CARDIOVASCOLARI IN SEGUITO AL TRAPIANTO DI CELLULE STAMINALI EMATOPOIETICHE
EL MESLMANI, ALI
2025/2026
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established therapeutic option for several onco-hematological diseases. However, improvements in survival have increased the clinical relevance of post-transplant cardiovascular complications. This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to assess the incidence and types of adverse cardiovascular events after HSCT, the factors associated with their occurrence, and their impact on overall survival. A total of 160 adult patients who underwent HSCT and were followed at the Cardio-Oncology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of the Marche Region between July 2008 and January 2026 were included. The study population was predominantly male (64.4%), with a mean age of 54.8 ± 12.6 years and a median follow-up of 2.7 years. During follow-up, 65 patients (40.6%) developed at least one cardiovascular event. The most frequent complications were deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and peripheral arterial disease. In the multivariable logistic regression model, allogeneic transplantation was independently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events compared with autologous transplantation (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.09–9.18; p=0.035). In Cox regression models, a higher baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–1.00; p=0.037). Conversely, the occurrence of cardiovascular events, analyzed as a time-dependent covariate, was not independently associated with mortality. Exploratory analyses also showed a worse prognosis among patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation in the presence of specific baseline vulnerability factors, including older age, LVEF ≤60%, or elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels. These findings highlight the importance of a thorough pre-transplant cardiovascular assessment and structured cardio-oncology follow-up, with particular attention to patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26818