Introduction. Nursing education today requires teaching methodologies capable of developing critical thinking, independent decision-making and problem-solving skills, moving beyond traditional lecture-based teaching. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Flipped Classroom (FC) are two active methodologies that have been extensively studied in the literature; however, their adoption in everyday teaching practice faces obstacles that have not yet been fully clarified. Objective. To provide lecturers responsible for nursing modules on the Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Nursing at the Pesaro teaching centre with evidence-based tools and strategies to effectively integrate PBL and FC into their teaching practice. Materials and methods. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, a review of the literature on the effectiveness of PBL and FC—including their integrated use—was conducted, alongside the administration of a preliminary questionnaire—designed ad hoc and not validated—to 19 lecturers/tutors, aimed at investigating teaching practices, knowledge and perceptions of the two methodologies. In the second phase, the training needs identified were translated into the design of a Continuing Medical Education (CME) course delivered via distance learning, structured into three progressive modules, each including learning assessments and an integrated clinical case study, which was subsequently accredited. Results. The questionnaire received 11 responses out of 19 (57.9 per cent). Lecturers showed almost unanimous recognition of the pedagogical value of PBL and FC (average composite score for perceived benefits: 4.43 for PBL, 4.21 for FC, on a 1–5 Likert scale), compared with a significantly lower perception of self-efficacy (2.86 and 2.36 respectively). The gap between perceived benefits and self-efficacy was substantial at an individual level in 91 per cent of respondents for PBL and in 86 per cent for FC. The CME course was fully delivered and accredited by AST Pesaro Urbino, awarding 3 CME credits, and made accessible to all professionals interested in participating; the course began on 1 September 2026 and, at the time of completion of this thesis, 96 participants were enrolled and 42 had completed the programme. Conclusions. The results confirm that the limited uptake of PBL and FC in nursing education reflects a lack of practical tools rather than cultural resistance on the part of teaching staff. The course developed represents a concrete response to this training need; its effectiveness in reducing the observed gap remains, at present, an objective to be verified in subsequent phases of the project. Keywords: Problem-Based Learning; Flipped Classroom; nursing education; CME; teachers’ self-efficacy.
Introduzione. La formazione infermieristica richiede oggi metodologie didattiche capaci di sviluppare pensiero critico, autonomia decisionale e problem solving, superando l'insegnamento frontale tradizionale. Il Problem-Based Learning (PBL) e la Flipped Classroom (FC) rappresentano due metodologie attive ampiamente studiate in letteratura, la cui adozione nella pratica didattica quotidiana incontra tuttavia ostacoli non ancora del tutto chiariti. Obiettivo. Fornire ai docenti titolari degli insegnamenti di infermieristica del Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica del polo didattico di Pesaro strumenti e strategie, basati su evidenze scientifiche, per integrare efficacemente PBL e FC nella propria pratica didattica. Materiali e metodi. Lo studio si è articolato in due fasi. Nella prima è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura sull'efficacia di PBL e FC, anche in forma integrata, affiancata dalla somministrazione di un questionario conoscitivo — costruito ad hoc e non validato — a 19 docenti/tutor, volto a indagare pratiche didattiche, conoscenza e percezione delle due metodologie. Nella seconda fase, i bisogni formativi emersi sono stati tradotti nella progettazione di un corso di Educazione Continua in Medicina (ECM) in modalità FAD, strutturato in tre moduli progressivi completi di verifiche di apprendimento e di un caso clinico integrato, successivamente accreditato. Risultati. Il questionario ha ottenuto 11 risposte su 19 (57,9%). I docenti hanno mostrato un riconoscimento pressoché unanime del valore pedagogico di PBL e FC (punteggio composito medio dei benefici percepiti: 4,43 per il PBL, 4,21 per la FC, su scala Likert 1-5), a fronte di una percezione di autoefficacia sensibilmente più bassa (rispettivamente 2,86 e 2,36). Il divario tra benefici percepiti e autoefficacia è risultato consistente a livello individuale nel 91% dei rispondenti per il PBL e nell’86% per la FC. Il corso ECM è stato interamente realizzato e accreditato dall'AST Pesaro Urbino con il riconoscimento di 3 crediti ECM e reso accessibile a tutti i professionisti interessati a parteciparvi; l'erogazione è stata avviata il 1° settembre 2026 e alla data di completamento della tesi, 96 partecipanti risultavano iscritti e 42 avevano completato il percorso. Conclusioni. I risultati confermano che la scarsa diffusione di PBL e FC nella didattica infermieristica riflette una carenza di strumenti operativi più che una resistenza culturale dei docenti. Il corso realizzato rappresenta una risposta concreta a questo bisogno formativo; la sua efficacia nel ridurre il divario osservato resta, allo stato attuale, un obiettivo da verificare nelle fasi successive del progetto. Parole chiave: Problem-Based Learning; Flipped Classroom; formazione infermieristica; ECM; autoefficacia dei docenti.
Implementazione del Problem-Based Learning e della Flipped Classroom nella didattica infermieristica: progettazione e realizzazione di un corso ECM FAD
GIULIANELLI, CAMILLA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction. Nursing education today requires teaching methodologies capable of developing critical thinking, independent decision-making and problem-solving skills, moving beyond traditional lecture-based teaching. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Flipped Classroom (FC) are two active methodologies that have been extensively studied in the literature; however, their adoption in everyday teaching practice faces obstacles that have not yet been fully clarified. Objective. To provide lecturers responsible for nursing modules on the Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Nursing at the Pesaro teaching centre with evidence-based tools and strategies to effectively integrate PBL and FC into their teaching practice. Materials and methods. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, a review of the literature on the effectiveness of PBL and FC—including their integrated use—was conducted, alongside the administration of a preliminary questionnaire—designed ad hoc and not validated—to 19 lecturers/tutors, aimed at investigating teaching practices, knowledge and perceptions of the two methodologies. In the second phase, the training needs identified were translated into the design of a Continuing Medical Education (CME) course delivered via distance learning, structured into three progressive modules, each including learning assessments and an integrated clinical case study, which was subsequently accredited. Results. The questionnaire received 11 responses out of 19 (57.9 per cent). Lecturers showed almost unanimous recognition of the pedagogical value of PBL and FC (average composite score for perceived benefits: 4.43 for PBL, 4.21 for FC, on a 1–5 Likert scale), compared with a significantly lower perception of self-efficacy (2.86 and 2.36 respectively). The gap between perceived benefits and self-efficacy was substantial at an individual level in 91 per cent of respondents for PBL and in 86 per cent for FC. The CME course was fully delivered and accredited by AST Pesaro Urbino, awarding 3 CME credits, and made accessible to all professionals interested in participating; the course began on 1 September 2026 and, at the time of completion of this thesis, 96 participants were enrolled and 42 had completed the programme. Conclusions. The results confirm that the limited uptake of PBL and FC in nursing education reflects a lack of practical tools rather than cultural resistance on the part of teaching staff. The course developed represents a concrete response to this training need; its effectiveness in reducing the observed gap remains, at present, an objective to be verified in subsequent phases of the project. Keywords: Problem-Based Learning; Flipped Classroom; nursing education; CME; teachers’ self-efficacy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28950