Rare diseases represent a complex healthcare challenge affecting over two million people in Italy, frequently highlighting fragmentation in care pathways and regional disparities in access. This descriptive and comparative study analyzes the organizational compliance of the Rare Disease Reference Centers in the Marche Region, performing a regulatory benchmarking with other Italian Regions and the standards defined by the European Reference Networks (ERNs). Through a multilevel document analysis conducted on 55 regulatory and institutional sources selected up to June 2026, the investigation examined four main dimensions: multidisciplinary organization, advanced diagnostics, research/training, and digital information flows. The findings demonstrate that the Marche model is structured around the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche (an integrated Hub within several ERNs) and local healthcare facilities, adopting a care process-oriented governance focused on nursing case management and binding data reporting duties to the National Registry of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ARS Decree 2/2026). Compared to regional models based on rigid structural requirements typical of IRCCS (Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), the Marche Region shows high organizational flexibility. However, critical issues remain regarding disparities in district budgets for extra-LEA (Essential Levels of Care) services and case volume thresholds for ultra-rare diseases. Consequently, to fully align the network with standards of excellence, priority must be given to standardizing the allocation of local funds, permanently institutionalizing the nurse case manager role, and strengthening transition pathways from pediatric to adult care.
Le malattie rare rappresentano una complessa sfida assistenziale che coinvolge oltre due milioni di persone in Italia, evidenziando spesso frammentazioni nei percorsi di cura e disparità di accesso territoriali. Il presente studio descrittivo e comparativo ha analizzato la conformità organizzativa dei Centri di Riferimento per le malattie rare della Regione Marche, effettuando un benchmarking normativo con le altre Regioni Italiane e con gli standard definiti dagli European Reference Networks (ERN). Attraverso un’analisi documentale multilivello condotta su 55 fonti normative e istituzionali selezionate fino a giugno 2026, l’indagine ha esaminato quattro dimensioni principali: l’organizzazione multidisciplinare, diagnostica avanzata, ricerca/formazione e flussi informativi digitali. I risultati mostrano come il modello marchigiano si articoli attorno all’Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche (Hub integrato in diverse ERN) e ai presidi territoriali, adottando una governance orientata al processo assistenziale focalizzata sul case management infermieristico e sul debito informativo vincolante verso il Registro Nazionale dell’Istituto Superiore della Sanità (Decreto ARS 2/2026). Rispetto ai modelli regionali basati su rigidi requisiti strutturali da IRCCS, le Marche mostrano un’elevata flessibilità organizzativa, sebbene permangano alcune criticità legate alla disparità dei budget distrettuali per le prestazioni extra – LEA e alle soglie di casistica per le patologie ultra – rare. Da qui emerge che, per allineare pienamente la rete agli standard di eccellenza, sia prioritario uniformare l’erogazione dei fondi territoriali, istituzionalizzare stabilmente l’infermiere case manager e potenziare i percorsi di transizione dall’età pediatrica a quella adulta.
Centri di riferimento per le malattie rare: analisi comparativa dei criteri d' eccellenza tra la Regione Marche, le regioni italiane e le Reti di Riferimento Europee
PINCINI, LAURA
2025/2026
Abstract
Rare diseases represent a complex healthcare challenge affecting over two million people in Italy, frequently highlighting fragmentation in care pathways and regional disparities in access. This descriptive and comparative study analyzes the organizational compliance of the Rare Disease Reference Centers in the Marche Region, performing a regulatory benchmarking with other Italian Regions and the standards defined by the European Reference Networks (ERNs). Through a multilevel document analysis conducted on 55 regulatory and institutional sources selected up to June 2026, the investigation examined four main dimensions: multidisciplinary organization, advanced diagnostics, research/training, and digital information flows. The findings demonstrate that the Marche model is structured around the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche (an integrated Hub within several ERNs) and local healthcare facilities, adopting a care process-oriented governance focused on nursing case management and binding data reporting duties to the National Registry of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ARS Decree 2/2026). Compared to regional models based on rigid structural requirements typical of IRCCS (Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), the Marche Region shows high organizational flexibility. However, critical issues remain regarding disparities in district budgets for extra-LEA (Essential Levels of Care) services and case volume thresholds for ultra-rare diseases. Consequently, to fully align the network with standards of excellence, priority must be given to standardizing the allocation of local funds, permanently institutionalizing the nurse case manager role, and strengthening transition pathways from pediatric to adult care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28955