Introduction: The hospital admission process is a highly complex organizational phase involving multiple healthcare professionals and several activities with considerable potential for optimization. Within this context, Lean Management represents an organizational approach aimed at identifying and reducing waste while promoting continuous process improvement. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Lean Management strategies in the hospital admission process within a medical setting through a pre–post intervention comparison. Materials and Methods: An observational pre–post study was conducted in the medical unit of a Level II Emergency and Acceptance Department (DEA) hospital. The evaluation was conducted at two levels: nursing staff satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire, while the overall duration of the admission process and time spent on non-value-added activities were measured directly using a dedicated data collection tool and represented through Value Stream Mapping. Mean times in the PRE- and POST-intervention phases were compared using Welch’s t-test for independent samples. Results: The questionnaire response rate was 100% in the pre-intervention phase and 97.7% in the post-intervention phase. Comparison between the two phases showed an improvement in role clarity and interprofessional communication, with positive ratings increasing from 69.0% to 80.0%, together with a decrease in the perceived need to move around to retrieve supplies, from 52.4% to 48.9%. Overall satisfaction increased from 59.5% to 62.2%, while dissatisfaction ratings decreased from 4.8% to 2.2%. The mean overall duration of the admission process decreased from 38.4 ± 7.8 minutes in the pre-intervention phase to 32.1 ± 7.9 minutes in the post-intervention phase, showing a downward trend that did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.083). Mean non-value-added time decreased from 17.5 ± 7.3 to 8.7 ± 5.5 minutes, with a highly significant difference (p = 0.006). The largest reductions were observed in operational interruptions and time spent searching for materials, documents, and information, whereas waiting times for medical staff remained substantially unchanged in absolute terms. Conclusions: The implementation of Lean Management strategies was associated with improved organization of the hospital admission process, with reductions in both overall process duration and non-value-added time. The convergence between objective time measurements and nurses’ perceptions suggests that organizational redesign and standardization interventions may contribute to a smoother, more structured, and more efficient admission process while fostering a culture of continuous improvement in the quality of care. Keywords: Lean Management, Admission process. Value Stream Map; Continous Improvement; Quality.
Introduzione: Il processo di ricovero rappresenta una fase ad elevata complessità organizzativa, caratterizzata dal coinvolgimento di molteplici professionisti e dalla presenza di attività con ampio margine di ottimizzazione. In quest’ottica, il Lean Management costituisce un approccio organizzativo finalizzato all’identificazione e alla riduzione degli sprechi, promuovendo il miglioramento continuo dei processi. Obiettivo: Valutare l'efficacia dell'implementazione di strategie di Lean Management nel processo di ricovero in un setting medico, attraverso un confronto pre-post-intervento. Materiali e metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale pre-post presso l’unità operativa di medicina di un ospedale DEA di II livello. La valutazione è stata articolata su due livelli di indagine: la rilevazione della soddisfazione del personale infermieristico mediante un questionario e la rilevazione diretta dei tempi complessivi del processo di ricovero e delle attività non a valore aggiunto attraverso una scheda dedicata e rappresentate mediante Value Stream Map. Il confronto tra le medie dei tempi nelle fasi PRE e POST-intervento è stato effettuato mediante test t di Welch per campioni indipendenti. Risultati: Il tasso di risposta al questionario è stato del 100% nella fase pre-intervento e del 97,7% nella fase postintervento. Nel confronto tra le due fasi, si è registrato un consolidamento della chiarezza del ruolo e della comunicazione interprofessionale (giudizi positivi saliti dal 69,0% all'80,0%), unito al calo della percezione degli spostamenti per il reperimento dei presidi (dal 52,4% al 48,9%). La soddisfazione complessiva è cresciuta dal 59,5% al 62,2%, con il crollo dei giudizi di insoddisfazione dal 4,8% al 2,2%. La durata media complessiva del processo di ricovero si è ridotta da 38,4 ± 7,8 minuti nella fase pre-intervento a 32,1 ± 7,9 minuti nella fase post-intervento mostrando un trend di riduzione pur senza raggiungere la significatività statistica (p = 0,083). Il tempo medio non a valore aggiunto è diminuito da 17,5 ± 7,3 a 8,7 ± 5,5 minuti, con una differenza altamente significativa (p = 0,006). Le principali riduzioni hanno riguardato le interruzioni operative, la ricerca di materiali e la ricerca di documenti e informazioni, mentre i tempi di attesa del personale medico sono risultati sostanzialmente stabili in termini assoluti. Conclusioni: L'applicazione di strategie di Lean Management ha evidenziato un miglioramento dell'organizzazione del processo di ricovero, con una riduzione della durata complessiva e dei tempi non a valore aggiunto. La convergenza tra la rilevazione oggettiva dei tempi e la percezione degli infermieri suggerisce che gli interventi di riorganizzazione e standardizzazione possono contribuire a rendere il processo di ricovero più fluido, strutturato ed efficiente, sostenendo una cultura orientata al miglioramento continuo della qualità assistenziale. Parole chiave: Lean Management; processo di ricovero; Value Stream Map; miglioramento continuo; qualità; Key words: Lean Management, Admission process. Value Stream Map; Continous Improvement; Quality.
Applicazione del Lean Management nel processo di ricovero in setting medico: uno studio pre-post
ROMEO, GIOVANNI FABIO
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction: The hospital admission process is a highly complex organizational phase involving multiple healthcare professionals and several activities with considerable potential for optimization. Within this context, Lean Management represents an organizational approach aimed at identifying and reducing waste while promoting continuous process improvement. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Lean Management strategies in the hospital admission process within a medical setting through a pre–post intervention comparison. Materials and Methods: An observational pre–post study was conducted in the medical unit of a Level II Emergency and Acceptance Department (DEA) hospital. The evaluation was conducted at two levels: nursing staff satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire, while the overall duration of the admission process and time spent on non-value-added activities were measured directly using a dedicated data collection tool and represented through Value Stream Mapping. Mean times in the PRE- and POST-intervention phases were compared using Welch’s t-test for independent samples. Results: The questionnaire response rate was 100% in the pre-intervention phase and 97.7% in the post-intervention phase. Comparison between the two phases showed an improvement in role clarity and interprofessional communication, with positive ratings increasing from 69.0% to 80.0%, together with a decrease in the perceived need to move around to retrieve supplies, from 52.4% to 48.9%. Overall satisfaction increased from 59.5% to 62.2%, while dissatisfaction ratings decreased from 4.8% to 2.2%. The mean overall duration of the admission process decreased from 38.4 ± 7.8 minutes in the pre-intervention phase to 32.1 ± 7.9 minutes in the post-intervention phase, showing a downward trend that did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.083). Mean non-value-added time decreased from 17.5 ± 7.3 to 8.7 ± 5.5 minutes, with a highly significant difference (p = 0.006). The largest reductions were observed in operational interruptions and time spent searching for materials, documents, and information, whereas waiting times for medical staff remained substantially unchanged in absolute terms. Conclusions: The implementation of Lean Management strategies was associated with improved organization of the hospital admission process, with reductions in both overall process duration and non-value-added time. The convergence between objective time measurements and nurses’ perceptions suggests that organizational redesign and standardization interventions may contribute to a smoother, more structured, and more efficient admission process while fostering a culture of continuous improvement in the quality of care. Keywords: Lean Management, Admission process. Value Stream Map; Continous Improvement; Quality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/28956