ACE2 is a membrane protein of 805 amino acid that function as carboxypeptidase by catalyzing the cleavage of a single residue of angiotensin I to form the nonapeptide angiotensin (1-9) and a single residue of angiotensin II to generate the vasodilator angiotensin (1-7). ACE2 is encoded by the homonymous gene which covers a region of 39.9 kb and contains 18 exons. It is located on the X precisely mapping on chromosomal location Xp22. This protein plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in regulating blood pressure, and recently, with the pandemic, it has emerged to be the coronavirus receptor, closely associated with acute severe respiratory syndrome (SARS). In this project it was highlighted the interaction between ACE2 and the Spike protein both from a molecular and structural point of view. In particular, the focus was on the key residues that allow the interaction between the two proteins. After setting up an ACE2 expression protocol in HEK-293F cells, the protein was purified under both native and denaturing conditions. The protein produced was used for carrying out a pull-down assay that was useful to confirm the interaction between ACE2 and Spike. Finally, through molecular dynamics simulations, the crucial residues for the binding between the two proteins were highlighted. In the future, this type of approach would be useful for carrying out studies on the SARS-CoV-2 variants and see how the binding strength between the virus and the human receptor changes.
ACE2 è una proteina di membrana di 805 amminoacidi che svolge il ruolo di carbossipeptidasi determinando la conversione dell’angiotensina I a formare il nonapeptide angiotensina (1-9) e dell’angiotensina II per generare l’angiotensina vasodilatatore (1-7). ACE2 è codificata dall’omonimo gene che ricopre una regione di 39.9 kb e contiene 18 esoni. È localizzato nel cromosoma X in posizione Xp22. Questa proteina ricopre un ruolo importante nel sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterone nella regolazione della pressione sanguigna, e recentemente, con la pandemia, è emerso essere il recettore del coronavirus, strettamente connesso con la sindrome respiratoria severa acuta (SARS). In questo progetto di tesi è stata studiata l’interazione tra ACE2 e la proteina Spike da un punto di vista molecolare e da un punto di vista strutturale ed in particolare, sono stati messi in luce quali sono i residui chiave che permettono l’interazione tra le due proteine. Dopo aver messo a punto un protocollo di espressione di ACE2 in cellule HEK-293F, la proteina è stata purificata sia in condizioni native che denaturanti. La proteina prodotta è stata utilizzata per l’esecuzione di un pull-down che ha permesso di verificare l’interazione tra ACE2 e Spike. Infine, tramite simulazioni di dinamica molecolare sono stati evidenziati i residui fondamentali per il legame tra le due proteine. In futuro, con un approccio di questo tipo sarà possibile effettuare studi riguardanti le varianti del SARS-CoV-2 e vedere come cambia la forza di legame che si stabilisce tra il virus e il recettore umano, in funzione della mutazione presente.
ESPRESSIONE E CARATTERIZZAZIONE DINAMICO-STRUTTURALE DEL RECETTORE UMANO ACE2 COMBINANDO APPROCCI SPERIMENTALI E TEORICI
REXHA, JESMINA
2020/2021
Abstract
ACE2 is a membrane protein of 805 amino acid that function as carboxypeptidase by catalyzing the cleavage of a single residue of angiotensin I to form the nonapeptide angiotensin (1-9) and a single residue of angiotensin II to generate the vasodilator angiotensin (1-7). ACE2 is encoded by the homonymous gene which covers a region of 39.9 kb and contains 18 exons. It is located on the X precisely mapping on chromosomal location Xp22. This protein plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in regulating blood pressure, and recently, with the pandemic, it has emerged to be the coronavirus receptor, closely associated with acute severe respiratory syndrome (SARS). In this project it was highlighted the interaction between ACE2 and the Spike protein both from a molecular and structural point of view. In particular, the focus was on the key residues that allow the interaction between the two proteins. After setting up an ACE2 expression protocol in HEK-293F cells, the protein was purified under both native and denaturing conditions. The protein produced was used for carrying out a pull-down assay that was useful to confirm the interaction between ACE2 and Spike. Finally, through molecular dynamics simulations, the crucial residues for the binding between the two proteins were highlighted. In the future, this type of approach would be useful for carrying out studies on the SARS-CoV-2 variants and see how the binding strength between the virus and the human receptor changes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI JESMINA REXHA.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/376