The limitations on the use of copper-based products in organic agriculture according to EU Regulation 1981/2018 has promoted a search for alternatives. This MSc thesis was developed within the PSR Marche "Vitinnova” project with two aims: to study the compatibility of chitosan with other plant protection products widely used in organic viticulture, especially those based on copper and sulfur, and to evaluate on a commercial scale, the effects of several management strategies using chitosan as an alternative product to copper on grapevine downy mildew. The compatibility tests between copper and chitosan were carried out with varying concentration of chitosan (0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5% e 1%) and dose of copper-based products (full label dose (DP), 1/10 DP, 1/4 DP e 1/2 DP). Results showed different compatibility levels between the tested active substances. Copper oxychloride showed a good compatibility in all combinations and at any concentration, as compared to the others copper compounds. For this reason, copper oxychloride (1/2 DP; 125 mL/hL) was selected to be used combined with chitosan (0.25%) in the field trials. The field trials were carried out in three vineyards of representative wine-growing areas of Marche region, located in Angeli di Varano (AN) (Moncaro’s vineyards; cv. Montepulciano), Castelplanio (AN) (Moncaro’s vineyards; cv. Verdicchio) and Matelica (MC) (Belisario’s vineyard; cv. Verdicchio). In each vineyard, three management strategies were tested: chitosan alone, alternative chitosan and copper, and combination of chitosan with copper. These treatments were compared with a farm control (based on copper alone) and with an untreated control. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. The evaluation of effectiveness of treatment was based on the determination of the following disease parameters: incidence, severity, and McKinney Index. The climatic trend, characterized by low rainfall and low humidity, was not favorable for the development of downy mildew, then it was not possible to appreciate significant differences between the treatments. The presence of powdery mildew in Castelplanio vineyard allows to conduct an assessment on grapes, and here the treatment with chitosan alone, alternative chitosan and copper, and combination of chitosan with copper, significantly reduced the McKinney Index of powdery mildew by 46%, 69% and 85%, respectively. These preliminary results can confirm that chitosan possess, together with a known activity toward downy mildew, also an effectiveness on powdery mildew.
Le limitazioni poste all’uso di prodotti cuprici in agricoltura biologica stabilite dal Reg. UE 1981/2018 hanno promosso la ricerca di soluzioni alternative. Nella tesi di laurea magistrale, realizzata nell’ambito del progetto PSR Marche “Vitinnova”, sono stati posti due obiettivi: analizzare la compatibilità del chitosano con altri prodotti fitosanitari utilizzati in viticoltura biologica, soprattutto quelli a base di rame e zolfo, e valutare su scala commerciale gli effetti di diverse strategie aziendali basate sull’utilizzo del chitosano come prodotto alternativo al rame nella protezione dalla peronospora della vite. Le prove di compatibilità tra rame e chitosano sono state condotte utilizzando diverse concentrazioni del biopolimero (0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5% e 1%) e dosi dei prodotti cuprici (dose massima d’etichetta (DP), 1/10 DP, 1/4 DP e 1/2 DP). Dai risultati è emerso come i livelli di affinità varino fra i diversi principi attivi saggiati. L'ossicloruro di rame ha mostrato una buona compatibilità in tutte le combinazioni e a qualsiasi concentrazione rispetto agli altri composti rameici. Per questo motivo è stato scelto l'ossicloruro di rame (1/2 DP; 125 mL/hL) come prodotto da utilizzare in campo in combinazione con chitosano (0,25%). Le prove di campo sono state svolte in tre vigneti, rappresentativi di aree viticole della Regione, ubicati ad Angeli di Varano (AN) (vigneto Moncaro, cv Montepulciano), a Castelplanio (AN) (vigneto Moncaro, cv Verdicchio) e a Matelica (MC) (vigneto Belisario, cv Verdicchio). In ognuno dei vigneti sono state sperimentate diverse strategie di trattamenti antiperonosporici utilizzando il biopolimero: solo chitosano, chitosano alternato al rame, e chitosano combinato con rame. L’efficacia di questi trattamenti è stata confrontata con un testimone aziendale a base di rame ed un testimone non trattato. Le tesi sono state distribuite nei vigneti secondo uno schema sperimentale di blocco randomizzato con tre ripetizioni. La valutazione dell’efficacia dei trattamenti in campo è stata basata sul calcolo della diffusione, della gravità e dell’Indice di McKinney della malattia. L’andamento stagionale, caratterizzato da scarse precipitazioni e bassa umidità, ad oggi non ha favorito lo sviluppo della peronospora, di conseguenza, non è stato possibile apprezzare differenze significative fra le tesi. Nel vigneto di Castelplanio, la presenza di oidio ha permesso di condurre un rilievo sui grappoli, dal quale è emerso come in tutte le tesi l’indice di McKinney della malattia è risultato significativamente più basso rispetto al testimone non trattato. In particolare, la riduzione di malattia è stata del 46%, 85% e 69%, rispettivamente, nelle tesi trattate con chitosano da solo e combinato o alternato al rame. Questi risultati preliminari fanno pensare che il chitosano abbia una certa efficacia anche nel contenimento dell’oidio.
NUOVE STRATEGIE DI PROTEZIONE DELLA VITE DALLA PERONOSPORA IN BIOLOGICO: SPERIMENTAZIONE DELL'APPLICAZIONE DI CHITOSANO IN PROTOCOLLI AZIENDALI
CAPROLI, SELENE
2020/2021
Abstract
The limitations on the use of copper-based products in organic agriculture according to EU Regulation 1981/2018 has promoted a search for alternatives. This MSc thesis was developed within the PSR Marche "Vitinnova” project with two aims: to study the compatibility of chitosan with other plant protection products widely used in organic viticulture, especially those based on copper and sulfur, and to evaluate on a commercial scale, the effects of several management strategies using chitosan as an alternative product to copper on grapevine downy mildew. The compatibility tests between copper and chitosan were carried out with varying concentration of chitosan (0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5% e 1%) and dose of copper-based products (full label dose (DP), 1/10 DP, 1/4 DP e 1/2 DP). Results showed different compatibility levels between the tested active substances. Copper oxychloride showed a good compatibility in all combinations and at any concentration, as compared to the others copper compounds. For this reason, copper oxychloride (1/2 DP; 125 mL/hL) was selected to be used combined with chitosan (0.25%) in the field trials. The field trials were carried out in three vineyards of representative wine-growing areas of Marche region, located in Angeli di Varano (AN) (Moncaro’s vineyards; cv. Montepulciano), Castelplanio (AN) (Moncaro’s vineyards; cv. Verdicchio) and Matelica (MC) (Belisario’s vineyard; cv. Verdicchio). In each vineyard, three management strategies were tested: chitosan alone, alternative chitosan and copper, and combination of chitosan with copper. These treatments were compared with a farm control (based on copper alone) and with an untreated control. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. The evaluation of effectiveness of treatment was based on the determination of the following disease parameters: incidence, severity, and McKinney Index. The climatic trend, characterized by low rainfall and low humidity, was not favorable for the development of downy mildew, then it was not possible to appreciate significant differences between the treatments. The presence of powdery mildew in Castelplanio vineyard allows to conduct an assessment on grapes, and here the treatment with chitosan alone, alternative chitosan and copper, and combination of chitosan with copper, significantly reduced the McKinney Index of powdery mildew by 46%, 69% and 85%, respectively. These preliminary results can confirm that chitosan possess, together with a known activity toward downy mildew, also an effectiveness on powdery mildew.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Magistrale Selene Caproli.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/416