This document was written to illustrate all the features and all the various steps that led to the realization of the project carried out by the undersigned and by Lorenzo Gasparoli, both students of the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree, during our experience as trainees at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences of the Polytechnic University of Marche, attended by us. The work we had to do for the Department consisted of designing a grasping system for a machine capable of performing mechanical tests on materials. In fact, in order to be able to study the material properties more completely, the Department intends to purchase a multi-axial testing machine, ie capable of simultaneously exerting multiple types of load on the test piece, in our case both a tensile load and a torque moment: since these machines are sold without their own grasping system, instead of buying it separately, it was preferred to design it internally, to have the various components manufactured by a workshop. But what are the requirements that a grabbing system must meet? There are two, simplicity and functionality. In fact it is not only important that the grip is able to perform the function assigned to it, that is the transmission of loads on the test specimen, but also that the procedure for inserting and removing the specimen is adequately fast, and therefore quite simple: this does not only as a matter of convenience, but also because very long times of insertion and removal of the specimen would clash with the short duration of the test itself. Furthermore, given the maximum loads that can be exerted by the machine, it is important to be careful that the various components that make up the system are not stressed too much, given that the grip should not only not break during the test, but must be able to be used at least for a fairly high number of tests. That is why, having to carry out the design from scratch, it was decided to work in pairs, because the aspects to be taken into consideration would not have been few and the work would have been quite complex. My colleague and I have always worked together on the project, seeing ourselves both in the Department and outside the University, taking advantage of the proximity of our homes. Although it was not easy to carry out this project as this was our first experience in the world of design, which is why we often made mistakes whose correction took time and effort, we believe that this experience was very educational, given that it made us touch the phases of a project, the problems to be faced and the analyzes to carry out in order to consider the work valid. Moreover, we also had to work a lot on the computer, with programs from the engineering world like Ansys, which we had never had the opportunity to use before. Since the project was carried out in pairs, it was decided to collaborate also for the drafting of this document: my colleague and I shared equally the topics to be written and the final product is nothing but the whole of what we both have product. After a first part in which the machine specifications and the types of tests it is able to do are analyzed, in the thesis we enter into the merit of the grasping system we designed by describing, after showing all the ideas we had and then discarded, the elements that compose it and its operation, to then conclude the discussion by showing the results of the structural analyzes carried out on its components.
Questo elaborato è stato scritto al fine di illustrare tutte le caratteristiche e tutti i vari passaggi che hanno portato alla realizzazione del progetto svolto dal sottoscritto e da Lorenzo Gasparoli, entrambi studenti del corso di Laurea Triennale di Ingegneria Meccanica, durante la nostra esperienza da tirocinanti presso il Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche dell’Università Politecnica delle Marche, da noi frequentata. Il lavoro che abbiamo dovuto svolgere per il Dipartimento consisteva nella progettazione di un sistema di afferraggio per una macchina capace di eseguire prove meccaniche sui materiali. Infatti il Dipartimento, per poter studiare in modo più completo le proprietà materiali, ha intenzione di acquistare una macchina per prove multiassiali, ovvero capace di esercitare contemporaneamente più tipologie di carico sul provino, nel nostro caso sia un carico di trazione che un momento di torsione: essendo però queste macchine vendute senza sistema di afferraggio proprio, invece di acquistarlo separatamente si è preferito progettarlo internamente, per farne realizzare i vari componenti da un’officina. Ma quali sono i requisiti che un sistema di afferraggio deve soddisfare? Di fatto sono due, la semplicità e la funzionalità. Infatti non è importante solo che l’afferraggio riesca a svolgere la funzione ad esso assegnato, ovvero la trasmissione dei carichi sul provino da testare, ma anche che la procedura di inserimento e rimozione del provino sia adeguatamente veloce, e quindi abbastanza semplice: questo non solo per una questione di comodità, ma anche perché tempi molto lunghi di inserimento e rimozione del provino stonerebbero con la corta durata della prova stessa. Inoltre, noti i carichi massimi esercitabili dalla macchina, è importante stare attenti che i vari componenti che formano il sistema non vengano sollecitati in modo troppo eccessivo, visto che l’afferraggio non solo non deve rompersi durante la prova, ma deve poter essere utilizzato almeno per un numero abbastanza elevato di prove. Ecco perché, dovendo realizzare la progettazione partendo da zero, si è deciso di lavorare in coppia, perché gli aspetti da dover tenere in considerazione non sarebbero stati pochi e il lavoro sarebbe stato abbastanza complesso. Io e il mio collega abbiamo di fatto lavorato sempre insieme sul progetto, vedendoci sia in Dipartimento che al di fuori dell’Università, approfittando della vicinanza delle nostre abitazioni. Nonostante realizzare questo progetto non sia stato semplice in quanto questa è stata la nostra prima esperienza nel mondo della progettazione, motivo per cui abbiamo commesso spesso degli errori la cui correzione ha necessitato tempo e impegno, riteniamo che questa esperienza sia stata molto formativa, visto che ci ha fatto toccare con mano quelle che sono le fasi di realizzazione di un progetto, le problematiche da affrontare e le analisi da dover svolgere per ritenere il lavoro valido. Inoltre, abbiamo dovuto anche lavorare tanto al computer, con programmi appartenenti al mondo dell’ingegneria come Ansys, che non avevamo mai avuto occasione di usare prima. Essendo stato il progetto svolto in coppia, si è deciso di collaborare anche per la stesura di questo documento: io e il mio collega ci siamo divisi equamente gli argomenti da scrivere e il prodotto finale non è altro che l’insieme di quello che entrambi abbiamo prodotto. Dopo una prima parte in cui si analizzano le specifiche della macchina e i tipi di test che è in grado di fare, all’interno della tesi si entra nel merito del sistema di afferraggio da noi progettato descrivendo, dopo aver mostrato tutte le idee avute e poi scartate, gli elementi che lo compongono e il suo funzionamento, per poi concluderne la trattazione mostrando i risultati delle analisi strutturali effettuate sui suoi componenti.
Progetto di un sistema di afferraggio universale da accoppiare ad una macchina di trazione / torsione
DONINI, SEBASTIANO
2018/2019
Abstract
This document was written to illustrate all the features and all the various steps that led to the realization of the project carried out by the undersigned and by Lorenzo Gasparoli, both students of the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree, during our experience as trainees at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences of the Polytechnic University of Marche, attended by us. The work we had to do for the Department consisted of designing a grasping system for a machine capable of performing mechanical tests on materials. In fact, in order to be able to study the material properties more completely, the Department intends to purchase a multi-axial testing machine, ie capable of simultaneously exerting multiple types of load on the test piece, in our case both a tensile load and a torque moment: since these machines are sold without their own grasping system, instead of buying it separately, it was preferred to design it internally, to have the various components manufactured by a workshop. But what are the requirements that a grabbing system must meet? There are two, simplicity and functionality. In fact it is not only important that the grip is able to perform the function assigned to it, that is the transmission of loads on the test specimen, but also that the procedure for inserting and removing the specimen is adequately fast, and therefore quite simple: this does not only as a matter of convenience, but also because very long times of insertion and removal of the specimen would clash with the short duration of the test itself. Furthermore, given the maximum loads that can be exerted by the machine, it is important to be careful that the various components that make up the system are not stressed too much, given that the grip should not only not break during the test, but must be able to be used at least for a fairly high number of tests. That is why, having to carry out the design from scratch, it was decided to work in pairs, because the aspects to be taken into consideration would not have been few and the work would have been quite complex. My colleague and I have always worked together on the project, seeing ourselves both in the Department and outside the University, taking advantage of the proximity of our homes. Although it was not easy to carry out this project as this was our first experience in the world of design, which is why we often made mistakes whose correction took time and effort, we believe that this experience was very educational, given that it made us touch the phases of a project, the problems to be faced and the analyzes to carry out in order to consider the work valid. Moreover, we also had to work a lot on the computer, with programs from the engineering world like Ansys, which we had never had the opportunity to use before. Since the project was carried out in pairs, it was decided to collaborate also for the drafting of this document: my colleague and I shared equally the topics to be written and the final product is nothing but the whole of what we both have product. After a first part in which the machine specifications and the types of tests it is able to do are analyzed, in the thesis we enter into the merit of the grasping system we designed by describing, after showing all the ideas we had and then discarded, the elements that compose it and its operation, to then conclude the discussion by showing the results of the structural analyzes carried out on its components.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Progetto di un sistema di afferraggio universale da accoppiare ad una macchina di trazione torsione di Donini Sebastiano.pdf
Open Access dal 29/10/2022
Descrizione: Tesi di Laurea di Donini Sebastiano intitolata "Progetto di un sistema di afferraggio universale da accoppiare ad una macchina di trazione/torsione" (Design of a universal gripping system to be coupled with a traction/torsion machine)
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9.16 MB
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/5381