There are few studies in the literature that have focused attention on the cognitive abilities of Lutrins. Sporadic cases reporting observations, either in nature or in a controlled environment, suggest that it is a group comprising highly intelligent species. Our study focused on Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). The behaviours of 3 female otters, residing at the Cattolica Aquarium, were studied. Observations were made to obtain data on the activity budget of each specimen and assess any differences between individuals and in the frequency of behaviour between the condition of opening the aquarium to the public and that of closing to evaluate the effect of visitors on otters. In parallel, two experiments were proposed to the animals to test the cognitive abilities of the species. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the ability of animals to visually discriminate between objects of different shapes since this ability has long been recognized within numerous vertebrate and invertebrate groups. In experiment 1, the use of reference memory and working memory in carrying out the assigned task were also evaluated. With experiment 2 it was possible to have some preliminary data on neophobia. In both experiments, it was also possible to evaluate the manual skills of the subjects and the improvement, during the sessions, of the skills and manipulative skills. Finally, ideas emerged on the attention and interest of individuals towards a new activity to carry out. Our results show a wide variability among individuals, with a single subject who has shown to have recognized the shapes and to have used the reference memory and the working memory to remember and process the information obtained. The data suggest that the subjects under examination do not present particular neophobia, but rather a certain neophilia, however showing a gradual loss of interest in the proposed new apparatus. Finally, only one of the three otters did not show significant improvements in the handling of the experimental apparatus. Our results, although not conclusive, offer ideas for further study. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that cognitive research in controlled environments, such as zoos and aquariums, can act as environmental enrichments for animals and contribute to animal welfare. Finally, an effort towards a greater knowledge of the visual perception and cognitive abilities of the otters could help in developing systems that favour the safeguard and conservation of these animals.
In letteratura sono pochi gli studi che hanno posto l’attenzione sulle capacità cognitive dei lutrini. Gli sporadici casi che riportano osservazioni, in natura o in ambiente controllato, suggeriscono che si tratti di un gruppo comprendente specie altamente intelligenti. Il nostro studio si è concentrato sulle lontre asiatiche dalle piccole unghie (Aonyx cinereus). Sono stati studiati i comportamenti di 3 lontre femmine, residenti all’Acquario di Cattolica. Da un lato sono state fatte delle osservazioni con lo scopo di ottenere dati sull’activity budget di ciascun esemplare e valutare eventuali differenze tra gli individui e nella frequenza dei comportamenti tra la condizione di apertura dell’acquario al pubblico e quella di chiusura per valutare l’effetto dei visitatori sulle lontre. In parallelo sono stati proposti agli animali due esperimenti per testare le capacità cognitive della specie. L’esperimento 1 è stato pensato per valutare la capacità degli animali di discriminare visivamente tra oggetti di diverse forme poiché questa abilità è stata da tempo riconosciuta all'interno di numerosi gruppi di vertebrati e invertebrati. Nello svolgimento dell’esperimento 1 sono stati valutati anche l’utilizzo della reference memory e della working memory nello svolgimento del compito assegnato. Con l’esperimento 2 è stato possibile avere qualche dato preliminare sulla neofobia. In entrambi gli esperimenti è stato anche possibile valutare la manualità dei soggetti e il miglioramento, durante le sessioni, delle capacità e abilità manipolative. Infine, sono emersi spunti sull’attenzione e l’interesse degli individui nei confronti di una nuova attività da svolgere. I nostri risultati presentano un’ampia variabilità tra gli individui, con un solo soggetto che ha mostrato di aver riconosciuto le forme e di aver utilizzato la reference memory e la working memory per ricordare ed elaborare l’informazione ottenuta. I dati suggeriscono che i soggetti in esame non presentino particolare neofobia, bensì una certa neofilia, mostrando però una graduale perdita di interesse verso il nuovo apparato proposto. Infine, solo una delle tre lontre non ha evidenziato significativi miglioramenti nella manipolazione degli apparati sperimentali. I nostri risultati, sebbene non conclusivi, offrono spunti per ulteriori approfondimenti. Inoltre, va sottolineato che ricerche di tipo cognitivo in ambienti controllati, quali zoo e acquari, possono fungere da arricchimenti ambientali per gli animali e contribuire al benessere animale. Infine, uno sforzo verso una maggiore conoscenza della percezione visiva e delle capacità cognitive delle lontre potrebbero essere di aiuto nello sviluppare sistemi che favoriscano la salvaguardia e la conservazione di questi animali.
Studio preliminare su aspetti cognitivi di Aonyx cinereus
TARTUFOLI, BIANCA
2018/2019
Abstract
There are few studies in the literature that have focused attention on the cognitive abilities of Lutrins. Sporadic cases reporting observations, either in nature or in a controlled environment, suggest that it is a group comprising highly intelligent species. Our study focused on Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). The behaviours of 3 female otters, residing at the Cattolica Aquarium, were studied. Observations were made to obtain data on the activity budget of each specimen and assess any differences between individuals and in the frequency of behaviour between the condition of opening the aquarium to the public and that of closing to evaluate the effect of visitors on otters. In parallel, two experiments were proposed to the animals to test the cognitive abilities of the species. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the ability of animals to visually discriminate between objects of different shapes since this ability has long been recognized within numerous vertebrate and invertebrate groups. In experiment 1, the use of reference memory and working memory in carrying out the assigned task were also evaluated. With experiment 2 it was possible to have some preliminary data on neophobia. In both experiments, it was also possible to evaluate the manual skills of the subjects and the improvement, during the sessions, of the skills and manipulative skills. Finally, ideas emerged on the attention and interest of individuals towards a new activity to carry out. Our results show a wide variability among individuals, with a single subject who has shown to have recognized the shapes and to have used the reference memory and the working memory to remember and process the information obtained. The data suggest that the subjects under examination do not present particular neophobia, but rather a certain neophilia, however showing a gradual loss of interest in the proposed new apparatus. Finally, only one of the three otters did not show significant improvements in the handling of the experimental apparatus. Our results, although not conclusive, offer ideas for further study. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that cognitive research in controlled environments, such as zoos and aquariums, can act as environmental enrichments for animals and contribute to animal welfare. Finally, an effort towards a greater knowledge of the visual perception and cognitive abilities of the otters could help in developing systems that favour the safeguard and conservation of these animals.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi Bianca Tartufoli.pdf
Open Access dal 25/02/2022
Dimensione
3.46 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.46 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/5887